Afghans Fight Against Locusts
By Burt Herman
Associated Press Writer
Friday, April 19, 2002; 2:10 PM
DAR-E KALAN DISTRICT, Afghanistan –– In this Afghan offensive, village men are digging trenches to fight a relentlessly advancing enemy whose hunger for territory is both legendary and insatiable: locusts.
Northern Afghanistan, which has endured poverty, war, drought and hunger, is now facing its worst plague of locusts in nearly 30 years, U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization officials say.
The insects are threatening the part of the country hit hardest by three years of drought just as it is finally blooming with crops – and with peace.
Locusts are not new here, but they have thrived while many Afghans have been spending more time killing each other than combatting their common six-legged foe.
The end of the drought and a mild winter also helped locusts breed, said Andrew Harvey, an FAO official in northern Afghanistan's main city, Mazar-e-Sharif, and the general in the agency's war against the pests.
Aid groups have declared an emergency situation and are racing against time in the "locust triangle" – a region between the northern cities of Kunduz, Pul-e-Khumri and Samangan where the insects are most concentrated.
By late next week, the locusts, now just able to hop, will finish growing wings and take to the skies, becoming much harder to control.
"We're really anxious that people don't see their last effort of growing crops go down the jaws of locusts," Harvey said.
On Friday, a leaping horde of thousands of brown locusts was eating its way across hills green with a light stubble of fresh growth in Dar-e Kalan district, 50 miles southeast of Mazar-e-Sharif. Clusters of the bugs piled on to any piece of greenery they could find across their twisting line of advance, which extended hundreds of yards across the valley.
In their way stood a group of about 50 men from local villages. As a tractor dug a small trench ahead of them, the men waved pieces of plastic, scarves and blankets to herd the swarm into the hole where they crushed them with their feet.
Abdul Ghafar, 50, an Islamic studies teacher, took the day off Friday to fight against what he labeled nothing less than "the enemy of the people of Islam."
"We have to kill all the locusts. We have gardens, we have shops, we have houses in the city," he said. "They will eat everything."
Unlike in the past, the United Nations is not offering food as payment to those who work in the fields, said Farhana Faruqi, the top U.N. official in northern Afghanistan.
"We've come out of a state where we didn't have a recognized political government," she said. "One of the tasks of government is to mobilize a force."
That has worked here in Samangan province, where authorities have called on residents to close their shops for the past week and a half to help the anti-locust effort.
But further south in Baghlan province, potentially at most risk in the locust triangle, local officials have been slow to respond.
The manual effort "makes a difference – how big of a difference depends on how many people you can motivate," said Jonathan Brass, an agriculturalist with the Irish aid agency GOAL, which is helping fight the locust menace. "Every day they're out doing this, they're not earning anything."
Habib Noor, a 65-year-old who said he has been a farmer for 50 years, was heading home Friday afternoon with a crew of about 50 men after battling locusts since sunrise. He pulled out a small stump of bread – his only food for the day all day. The only water for the men working hours in the bright sun was held by a few boys carrying half-gallon jugs.
"I'm hungry, I have to eat something," Noor said. "They should give us something for doing this."
The men do have help from chemicals this year, unlike in the past. The first big shipment of pesticide arrived Thursday, a month after it was ordered from Rome.
The most effective way to spread the pesticide is with truck-mounted sprayers that can cover 12 acres a day. But there's been a problem finding pickup trucks: About 10 vehicles stripped of their tires and engines lie rusting in back of the FAO office in Mazar-e-Sharif, looted during violence when the Taliban were ousted from the city in November.
The FAO has been trying to rent pickup trucks, but has found it hard because they are also the preferred means of transport for Afghan soldiers. "The only pickups have guys with machine guns in the back of them," Harvey lamented.
Aid officials in northern Afghanistan have been discussing the locust problem for months, but it was not until Tuesday that the United Nations held an emergency meeting and asked aid groups to pool their efforts.
"It's going to be very difficult and we're not going to win 100 percent, but we're going to make a really good hole in the problem," Harvey said.
© 2002 The Associated Press
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