Fascism ( /'fæ??z?m/) is a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology.[1][2] Fascists seek elevation of their nation based on commitment to an organic national community where its individuals are united together as one people through national identity. They are united by suprapersonal connections of ancestry and culture through a totalitarian state that seeks the mass mobilization of the national community through discipline, indoctrination, physical training, and eugenics.[3][4] Fascism seeks to eradicate perceived foreign influences that are deemed to be causing degeneration of the nation or of not fitting into the national culture.[5] Fascism was founded during World War I by Italian national syndicalists who combined left-wing and right-wing political views.[6][7] Fascists have commonly opposed having a firm association with any section of the left-right spectrum, considering it inadequate to describe their beliefs,[8][9] though fascism's goal to promote the rule of people deemed innately superior while seeking to purge society of people deemed innately inferior is identified as a prominent far-right theme.[10] Fascism opposes multiple ideologies: conservatism, liberalism, and the two major forms of socialism — communism and social democracy, and denounce them as representatives of sectarian interests rather than the community as a whole.[11] To achieve its goals, the fascist state purges forces, ideas, people, and systems deemed to be the cause of decadence and degeneration.[12] Fascism promotes political violence and war as forms of direct action that promote national rejuvenation, spirit and vitality.[3][13] Fascists commonly utilize paramilitary organizations to commit or threaten violence against their opponents.[14]