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Politics : Rat's Nest - Chronicles of Collapse

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To: Wharf Rat who wrote (5051)11/12/2006 1:42:17 AM
From: Wharf Rat  Read Replies (1) of 24224
 
PETROLEUM
One of the most important applications of micropaleontology today is in oil exploration.

Petroleum is derived from decayed phytoplankton, microorganisms that live in the sea. When phytoplankton die, they sink to the sea floor where they begin to accumulate. The deposited phytoplankton is covered by other sediments and pushed deeper into the crust of the Earth, where it is subjected to higher pressures and temperatures. Only then will phytoplankton change structure and become kerogen, heavy oil and finally light oil, which is used for petroleum. This complex process means that not all formerly marine environments will yield petroleum.

The remains of phytoplankton, microfossils, in petroleum-bearing rocks undergo changes in colour because of heat. Micropaleontologists study their alteration in colour to define possible areas for oil exploration. When these fossilised microorganisms are pale or orange the sediment is immature, when they are brown the rocks are mature, indicating oil, and when the fossils are black, they indicate gas.
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