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Politics : Evolution
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To: Brumar89 who wrote (51156)3/28/2014 6:19:55 PM
From: TigerPaw1 Recommendation

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instructions encoded on the RNA

RNA has evolved into several types. As you wrote: instructions are encoded on the RNA and used to stimulate protein production by the ribosomes. This is a particular variety of RNA known as messenger RNA (mRNA).

There is another variety of RNA named transfer RNA (tRNA). The tRNA sticks to amino acids and floats around the soup with a single amino acid attached.

The ribosome is the product of another variation in the RNA known as ribosomal RNA. The 'R' in RNA stands for ribonucleic. the rRNA is the actual factory that creates proteins, while the protein matrix that makes up the rest of the ribosome just creates a structure to attract and hold the various RNA in an efficient order. Without it the rRNA would still code proteins but at a much less efficient rate and with more errors.

The mRNA attaches to the rRNA and attaches to the first of the individual codes in the mRNA. For each code encountered the rRNA will preferentially attach to a tRNA that just happens to have the matching amino acid attached. The amino acid binds to the growing protein, the tRNA is released. The release triggers the rRNA to bump along to the next code in the mRNA sequence. It's a simple dance between 3 varieties of RNA.

In a modern, efficient cell, the 3 varieties are kept in stable conditions by a group of proteins (protein + rRNA equals ribosome). The older the cell (i.e. archae ) there are fewer proteins and a less efficient synthesis.
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