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Heroin, a preparation synthesized from morphine, was introduced in 1898 as a cough suppressant and nonaddictive substitute for morphine. The addictive potential of heroin, however, was soon recognized, and its use was prohibited in the United States, even in medical practice. Users report that heroin produces a "rush" or "high" immediately after being taken. It also produces a state of profound indifference and may increase energy.
Opioids produce different effects under different circumstances. The drug user's past experience and expectations have some influence, as does the method of administering the drug (by injection, ingestion, or inhalation). Symptoms of withdrawal from opioids include kicking movements in the legs, anxiety, insomnia, nausea, sweating, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. |
