Ratan:
Ref: Harper's dictionary of Hinduism. page 150 para 2 line 11
Krsna:
Also, it by no means certain, as is usually assumed, that Krishna, the pandavas, the Kauravas, and Jarasandha were Aryans, for evidence is gradually accumulating that a fairly developed culture and powerful non-Aryan kingdoms flourished in that part of India before the entry of Aryans
Shiva:
PreAryan. The Linga cult existed in preAryan period. The word, Siva-Rudra, occurs very often in Rig Veda. 2nd century AD: Rudra gets dropped out and Siva stays. 1st century AD: Anthropomorphic features are added to Shiva. later Shiva was portrayed with trident, & Bull (Nandin). Sculptural evidence is present to prove this point. It is said that the Aryans did not particularly like the prearyan Linga Cult. As to how the phallic generative principle evolved into the present day dual & more forms of Shiva such as Lingum and anthropomorphic form with many hands, nobody knows.
JPR |
