here is an article of on with water aquafier influences that I think says that Zinc is economic is ceratin NEW MODELS....ZINC is a PGMetal. LOL
sciencemag.org
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100 word quote:
HERE is it:
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY:
Sulfate Reducers--Dominant Players in a Low-Oxygen World?Crisogono Vasconcelos and Judith A. McKenzie
Sulfate reducing bacteria can adapt to extreme physical and chemical conditions and play an important role in global geochemical cycles, but their role in the formation of ore deposits has remained controversial. Strong support for such a role is provided by Labrenz et al. </cgi/content/short/290/5497/1744>, who have discovered sulfate-reducing bacteria that can tolerate low levels of oxygen and can precipitate zinc sulfide minerals. The results may have implications for bioremediation and may provide clues to processes that may have been more widespread in the geologic past.
The authors are at the Geological Institute, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Zentrum, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland. E-mail: chris.vasconcelos@erdw.ethz.ch <mailto:chris.vasconcelos@erdw.ethz.ch>
Full Text of this Article </cgi/content/full/290/5497/1711>
dEbates: Submit a response </cgi/eletter-submit/290/5497/1711> to this article
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Formation of Sphalerite (ZnS) Deposits in Natural Biofilms of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
Matthias Labrenz, Gregory K. Druschel, Tamara Thomsen-Ebert, Benjamin Gilbert, Susan A. Welch, Kenneth M. Kemner, Graham A. Logan, Roger E. Summons, Gelsomina De Stasio, Philip L. Bond, Barry Lai, Shelly D. Kelly, and Jillian F. Banfield
Science 2000 December 1; 290: 1744-1747. (in Reports) [Abstract] [Full Text] [Supplemental Data]
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Formation of Sphalerite (ZnS) Deposits in Natural Biofilms of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
Matthias Labrenz,1 Gregory K. Druschel,1 Tamara Thomsen-Ebert,2 Benjamin Gilbert,3 Susan A. Welch,1 Kenneth M. Kemner,4 Graham A. Logan,5 Roger E. Summons,5 Gelsomina De Stasio,3 Philip L. Bond,1 Barry Lai,4 Shelly D. Kelly,4 Jillian F. Banfield1*
Abundant, micrometer-scale, spherical aggregates of 2- to 5-nanometer-diameter sphalerite (ZnS) particles formed within natural biofilms dominated by relatively aerotolerant sulfate-reducing bacteria of the family Desulfobacteriaceae. The biofilm zinc concentration is about 106 times that of associated groundwater (0.09 to 1.1 parts per million zinc). Sphalerite also concentrates arsenic (0.01 weight %) and selenium (0.004 weight %). The almost monomineralic product results from buffering of sulfide concentrations at low values by sphalerite precipitation. These results show how microbes control metal concentrations in groundwater- and wetland-based remediation systems and suggest biological routes for formation of some low-temperature ZnS deposits.
1 Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
2 Diversions Scuba, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
3 Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
4 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
5 Australian Geological Survey Organisation, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jill@geology.wisc.edu
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Chucka- makes one think of all the water in the old mines dripping out into the desert floors. Great Estern Shafts have water, N'est=pa? Yes ! |
