1. David Hume
2. Plato never expressed such a sentiment. He did think that the material expression of the Ideas were inferior copies, but not that they didn't "work".
3. Augustine did, indeed, think that human beings were not perfect, but not that they were rotten.
4. Hegel saw history as an unfolding of an aspect of the Absolute, but affirmed the idea of personal freedom.
5. Kant never said that feeling was the basis for truth statements. He did say that there were grounds for rational belief, motivated by the disjunction between our moral interests and the phenomenal world, and that we could reconcile the two through belief in God, freedom, and immortality.
6. Kant never said that something was evil because it was selfish. He did say that the clearest examples of doing one's duty (acting in conformity with the moral law) are those that go against inclination.
7. Kant never said that logic has nothing to do with reality. In fact, he went out of his way to show that logic applied to the phenomenal world. What he said was the "concepts without intuitions (sensory data) are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind", in other words, that science, as opposed to speculation, required empirical grounding.
8. Hegel does indeed say that there is substantial change from epoch to epoch, until roughly our era, which is at the end of the process. But some truths, like the truths of mathematics or astronomy, are independent of the unfolding of history, and discoverable, in principle, at any time.
That's enough. Even dead guys should not be misrepresented, if it is avoidable....... |
