Invading people may conquer a country but they do not have to dominate in numbers. Roman and Norman Invasion of Britain, Moorish of Spain, etc.. with Mitochondrial DNA all we find is that the mother's lineage is unbroken, which we can expect even with a large conquering army. On the other hand the mitochond work may be wrong as the article says.
The Golden Bough refers to 4 or more waves of Invasion from the east. As far away as India and China. Today some recent archaeology establishes that there were blonde haired vigorous warrior cultures in China from 9,000 to 4,000 years BC. From whence had they sprang? Did they evolve there or did they migrate there and then back? Religious and cultural evidence seems to indicate a westward march of monotheism. Pottery and farming may expand from trade but it seems religion marches with the people or the army at least. Armies, with the exception of the Sarmatians ('Russian' Amazons, who also conquered from the east as far as Greece from the central Steppes) are ususally men, leaving the mitochond intact generally.
We know there was steady pressure from the Steppes by various tribes in modern times. Was this an echo of earlier invasions? With the Chinese evidence of late it seems likely. Many say the farming brings organized cities which need armies to defend them. With animal husbandry comes cavalry and migrating armies who raid for grazing and planting land their neighbours.
With the Spanish we can see the racial and cultural echo of an early Invading dark Aryan race from Pakistan-Afghanistan.
But we are fairly sure that the Aryan waves were not one race. It could be that the first wave, perhaps 25,000 perhaps 10,000 years BC was blonde blue eyed people. Could they have been former European migrants still? Why not? If people can move 10,000 miles west they could surely have moved east too. That happened with the Scythians in reverse. First?, or at least by 600 BC they inhabited Europe and the middle east then they withdrew to the Ukraine.
I think that far back we have to answer the question who were the Cro-Mags, and were did they come from? Were some Asian stock and some Europoid or did they branch out 50K years ago? I favour two ancient lineages that did some intermixing. Where races came from is a fascinating question. Darwin tells us that the characteristics we see are ancient adaptations. We can see all the uses of all characteristics of race in the environment. Physics tells us that the prime driver of an organism is their operating temperature, so temperature control is paramount with insects and people. An insect cannot fly without a certain temperature being generated. But an animal soon fades in the heat without good radiation and water retention. So we operate in a vital narrow range. I would say 60% of racial differentiation is heat control adaptation. Dark races have up to 100 percent more pores than light skinned races. Blacks for instance have 50% more skin area than whites. And stiff curly hair is a more efficient radiator. We lose heat from the scalp more per unit area than any other area of our body except our hands. Of course a radiator painted white would not be nearly so efficient so we see the skin colour advantages for cold and warm climates immediately. White people from northern realms have no colour in their eyes or skin at all. (blue is refracted not a reflected colour in eyes) White skin is not as absorbent of heat as dark until the ultraviolet range which corresponds to development in an area with a low angle, arctic sun. Unfortunately whites overheat in the tropics because their low skin area, few pores and poor radiation will not lose heat well. (It was no surprise to me that the recent 'survivor baby' of a night in the cold had a name like Erika Nordby. She came by her ability to survive cold honestly.)
I think the physics tells us that by knowing the rate at which mutations can take place to effect such genetic differences we can see how long it would have taken for a race to evolve in its climatic zone. This we do notknow. All we know is that advantages to local conditions have happened. The time it would seem is long. I think Swedes with their blonde hair, light skin and high cheekbones shielding their eyes from snow reflected light have been up in Upsala for a long, long time.
Thinks of it. Maybe the legend of the Amazons is correct. (We know archeaologically now that it was in fact.) Much more correct than male historians have dared reveal. Perhaps it was Russian bow-chicks on horseback who conquered Europe long ago. No wonder the events disappeared in history. Anyone knows if you want to feed a horse in a small area in the north you have to grow grains by cultivation or you have to have loads of range land and winters may starve your livestock anyway. This may account for the spread of farming in Europe. Cavalry. Perhaps this is also why you can never win an argument with your wife. She is descended from a long line of babes who rode into town, slaughtered the population and took over. She should take crap from you?
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