Presidential Medal of Freedom Winners
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is our nation's highest civilian honor, and it is the first of our country's official awards to recognize cultural contributions as well as military ones. The biographical sketches in this unique reference work shed light on how the various recipients distinguished themselves in their respective fields, and includes a history of the award and over 100 photographs of the medal winners and their accomplishments.
Established by President Kennedy in 1963, the Presidential Medal of Freedom is the nation's highest civilian honor. It has been awarded to distinguished people from the arts and sciences, such as Duke Ellington, Helen Hayes, Jonas Salk, and Albert Sabin.
Awards by Administration - John Wayne is a notable winner.
PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON 45
December 6, 1963
Marian Anderson 47
Ralph Bunche 48
Ellsworth Bunker 49
Pablo Casals 51
Genevieve Caulfield 52
James B. Conant 53
John F. Enders 54
Felix Frankfurter 55
Karl Holton 57
John Fitzgerald Kennedy 58
Robert J. Kiphuth 61
Edwin H. Land 62
Herbert H. Lehman 64
Robert A. Lovett 65
J. Clifford MacDonald 67
John J. McCloy 68
George Meany 69
Alexander Meiklejohn 71
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 72
Jean Monnet 74
Luis Munoz Marin 75
Pope John XXIII 77
Clarence B. Randall 78
Rudolf Serkin 79
Edward Steichen 81
George W. Taylor 82
Alan T. Waterman 83
Mark S. Watson 85
Annie D. Wauneka 86
E.B. White 87
Thornton Wilder 88
Edmund Wilson 89
Andrew Wyeth 91
September 14, 1964
Dean Acheson 92
Detlev W. Bronk 93
Aaron Copland 94
Willem de Kooning 96
Walt Disney 97
J. Frank Dobie 99
Lena F. Edwards 100
Thomas Stearns Eliot 101
John W. Gardner 103
Theodore M. Hesburgh 104
Clarence L. "Kelly" Johnson 105
Frederick Kappel 107
Helen Keller 108
John L. Lewis 109
Walter Lippmann 111
Alfred Lunt and Lynne Fontanne 112
Ralph McGill 114
Samuel Eliot Morison 115
Lewis Mumford 117
Edward R. Murrow 118
Reinhold Niebuhr 120
Leontyne Price 122
A. Philip Randolph 123
Carl Sandburg 124
John Steinbeck 126
Helen B. Taussig 127
Carl Vinson 128
Thomas J. Watson, Jr. 129
Paul Dudley White 130
December 23, 1967
Ellsworth Bunker 132
Robert W. Komer 133
Eugene Murphy Locke 134
February 28, 1968
Robert S. McNamara 135
December 9, 1968
James E. Webb 138
January 16, 1969
Dean Rusk 139
January 20, 1969
Eugene R. Black 141
McGeorge Bundy 142
Clark McAdams Clifford 143
Michael DeBakey 144
David Dubinsky 146
Ralph Ellison 147
Henry Ford II 149
W. Averell Harriman 150
Bob Hope 152
Edgar Kaiser 153
Mary Lasker 155
John Macy 156
Gregory Peck 158
Laurance Rockefeller 159
Walt Whitman Rostow 161
Merriman Smith 162
Cyrus Vance 163
William S. White 164
Roy Wilkins 166
Whitney M. Young, Jr. 167
PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON 169
April 29, 1969
Duke Ellington 171
August 13, 1969
Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin 172
Neil Alden Armstrong 173
Michael Collins 175
January 24, 1970
Eugene Ormandy 176
April 18, 1970
Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team 178
April 18, 1970
Fred Wallace Haise, Jr. 179
James A. Lovell, Jr. 181
John Leonard Swigert, Jr. 182
April 22, 1970
Earl C. Behrens 183
Edward T. Folliard 184
William M. Henry 185
Arthur Krock 186
David Lawrence 188
G. Gould Lincoln 189
Raymond Moley 190
Adela Rogers St. Johns 192
March 27, 1971
Samuel Goldwyn 193
June 2, 1971
William J. Hopkins 195
September 29, 1971
Manlio Giovanni Brosio 196
January 28, 1972
DeWitt and Lila Wallace 197
June 16, 1972
John Paul Vann 198
March 31, 1973
John Ford 200
October 15, 1973
William P. Rogers 202
March 26, 1974
Melvin R. Laird 203
June 21, 1974
Paul G. Hoffman 204
July 27, 1974
Charles LeRoy Lowman 206
PRESIDENT GERALD FORD 209
February 10, 1976
David Kirkpatrick Bruce 211
April 1, 1976
Arthur Rubinstein 212
August 5, 1976
Jesse Owens 213
October 14, 1976
Martha Graham 215
January 10, 1977
Iorwith Wilbur Abel 217
John Bardeen 218
Irving Berlin 220
Norman Borlaug 221
Omar N. Bradley 223
Arleigh "Thirty-one Knot" Burke 224
Alexander Calder 225
Bruce Catton 227
Joe DiMaggio 228
Will and Ariel Durant 229
Arthur Fiedler 231
Henry J. Friendly 233
Lady Bird Johnson 234
Archibald MacLeish 235
James Albert Michener 237
Georgia O'Keeffe 238
Nelson A. Rockefeller 240
Norman Rockwell 241
Catherine Filene Shouse 242
Lowell Thomas 244
James D. Watson 245
January 13, 1977
Henry A. Kissinger 247
January 19, 1977
Donald Rumsfeld 248
PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER 251
July 11, 1977
Martin Luther King, Jr. 253
Jonas E. Salk 255
July 26, 1978
Arthur J. Goldberg 256
January 20, 1979
Margaret Mead 258
June 9, 1980
Ansel Adams 259
Rachel Louise Carson 261
Lucia Chase 262
Hubert H. Humphrey 263
Archbishop Iakovos 265
Lyndon Baines Johnson 266
Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. 268
Roger Tory Peterson 269
Hyman Rickover 270
Beverly Sills 272
Robert Penn Warren 273
John Wayne 274
Eudora Welty 276
Tennessee Williams 277
December 8, 1980
Horace Marden Albright 278
January 16, 1981
Roger Nash Baldwin 279
Harold Brown 281
Zbigniew Brzezinski 282
Warren Minor Christopher 283
Walter Cronkite 285
Kirk Douglas 287
Margaret Craig McNamara 288
Karl Menninger 289
Edmund S. Muskie 291
Esther Peterson 292
Gerald C. Smith 293
Robert S. Strauss 295
Elbert Tuttle 296
Earl Warren 297
Andrew Young 299
PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN 301
October 9, 1981
James Hubert "Eubie" Blake 303
Ella T. Grasso 304
Bryce N. Harlow 306
Walter H. Judd 307
Morris I. Leibman 308
Charles B. Thornton 309
September 7, 1982
Philip C. Habib 311
October 26, 1982
Kate Smith 312
February 23, 1983
George Balanchine 314
Paul William "Bear" Bryant 315
James Burnham 316
James Edward Cheek 318
Richard Buckminster Fuller, Jr.
319
Billy Graham 320
Eric Hoffer 322
Jacob K. Javits 323
Clare Boothe Luce 325
Dumas Malone 326
Mabel Mercer 328
Simon Ramo 329
January 12, 1984
Carlos P. Romulo 330
March 26, 1984
Howard H. Baker, Jr. 331
James Francis Cagney 333
Whittaker Chambers 334
Leo Cherne 336
Denton Arthur Cooley 338
Tennessee Ernie Ford 339
Hector Garcia 340
Andrew Goodpaster 341
Lincoln Kirstein 343
Louis L'Amour 344
Norman Vincent Peale 346
John Roosevelt "Jackie"
Robinson 348
Anwar el-Sadat 349
Eunice Kennedy Shriver 351
April 5, 1984
Terence James Cooke 352
May 30, 1984
Joseph M. A. H. Luns 353
June 26, 1984
Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson 355
May 23, 1985
William "Count" Basie 356
Jacques-Yves Cousteau 358
Jerome Hartwell Holland 359
Sidney Hook 360
Jeane Kirkpatrick 362
George M. Low 363
Frank Reynolds 364
S. Dillon Ripley 366
Frank Sinatra 367
James M. Stewart 369
Albert C. Wedemeyer 370
Chuck Yeager 371
June 20, 1985
Mother Teresa 373
November 7, 1985
Paul H. Nitze 374
Roberta and Albert Wohlstetter
376
May 12, 1986
Walter Hubert Annenberg 377
Earl "Red" Blaik 378
Barry Morris Goldwater 379
Helen Hayes 381
Matthew B. Ridgway 382
Vermont Connecticut Royster
383
Albert Bruce Sabin 384
July 28, 1986
Vladimir Horowitz 386
June 23, 1987
Anne Legendre Armstrong 387
Justin Whitlock Dart 388
Danny Kaye 390
Lyman L. Lemnitzer 391
John A. McCone 392
Frederick D. Patterson 394
Nathan Perlmutter 395
Mstislav Rostropovich 397
William B. Walsh 398
Meredith Willson 399
October 7, 1987
Irving R. Kaufman 401
November 17, 1987
Caspar Weinberger 402
January 13, 1988
Roger L. Stevens 404
May 10, 1988
Lord Peter Carrington 405
October 17, 1988
Pearl Bailey 406
Malcolm Baldrige 408
Irving Brown 409
Warren Earl Burger 410
Milton Friedman 412
Jean Faircloth MacArthur 413
J. Willard Marriott 415
David Packard 416
January 19, 1989
Michael Joseph Mansfield 418
George Shultz 419
PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH 423
May 25, 1989
Claude D. Pepper 425
July 6, 1989
Lucille Ball 426
Clarence Douglas Dillon 428
James "Jimmy" H. Doolittle 429
George F. Kennan 431
Margaret Chase Smith 433
November 13, 1989
Lech Walesa 434
March 7, 1991
Margaret Thatcher 436
July 3, 1991
James Addison Baker III 438
Richard B. Cheney 439
Colin Powell 440
H. Norman Schwarzkopf 442
Brent Scowcroft 443
November 18, 1991
William F. Buckley, Jr. 445
Luis A. Ferre 446
Betty Ford 448
Hanna Holborn Gray 449
Friedrich August von Hayek 450
Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill, Jr. 452
Leon Howard Sullivan 453
Russell E. Train 455
Vernon A. Walters 456
Theodore "Ted" Williams 458
December 12, 1991
Javier Perez de Cuellar 459
March 17, 1992
Sam Walton 460
December 11, 1992
David Brinkley 461
Johnny Carson 463
Ella Fitzgerald 464
Audrey Hepburn 466
Ieoh Ming Pei 467
Richard Lee Petty 468
Harry W. Schlaudeman 470
Isaac Stern 471
John W. Vessey 472
Elie Wiesel 474
January 12, 1993
Strom Thurmond 475
January 13, 1993
Ronald Reagan 477
PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON 481
May 5, 1993
James William Fulbright 483
June 20, 1993
Arthur Ashe 485
September 30, 1993
Colin Powell 486
November 2, 1993
Martha Raye 487
November 30, 1993
William Joseph Brennan 488
Marjory Stoneman Douglas 489
Thurgood Marshall 491
Joseph L. Rauh, Jr. 492
August 8, 1994
Herbert Block 495
Cesar E. Chavez 496
Arthur Flemming 498
James Grant 499
Dorothy Irene Height 501
Barbara Jordan 502
Joseph Lane Kirkland 504
Robert H. Michel 505
Robert Sargent Shriver 507
September 29, 1995
Peggy Charren 509
William T. Coleman, Jr. 510
Joan Ganz Cooney 511
John Hope Franklin 513
A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr. 514
Frank M. Johnson, Jr. 515
C. Everett Koop 517
Gaylord Nelson 518
Walter Reuther 520
James Rouse 521
Willie Velasquez 523
Lew Wasserman 524
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