Dolinar Marx was born as a Jew in Germany but published his work on Communism in the UK with Engels. The UK gave Karl Marx the freedom to finish his work and research and that was my point. As you see excelent education in Romania
Karl Marx, the son of Hirschel and Henrietta Marx, was born in Trier,
Germany, in 1818. Hirschel Marx was a lawyer and to escape anti-Semitism
decided to abandon his Jewish faith when Karl was a child. Although the
majority of people living in Trier were Catholics, Marx decided to become a
Protestant. He also changed his name from Hirschel to Heinrich.
After schooling in Trier (1830-35), Marx entered Bonn University to study
law. At university he spent much of his time socialising and running up large
debts. His father was horrified when he discovered that Karl had been
wounded in a duel. Heinrich Marx agreed to pay off his son's debts but
insisted that he moved to the more sedate Berlin University.
The move to Berlin resulted in a change in Marx and for the next few years he
worked hard at his studies. Marx came under the influence of one of his
lecturers, Bruno Bauer, whose atheism and radical political opinions got him
into trouble with the authorities. Bauer introduced Marx to the writings of G.
W. F. Hegel, who had been the professor of philosophy at Berlin until his
death in 1831.
In July 1845 Marx and Engels visited England. They spent most of the time
consulting books in Manchester Library. Marx also visited London where he
met the Chartist leader, George Julian Harney and political exiles from
Europe.
Only one country remained who would take
him, and on 15th September he sailed for England. Soon after settling in
London Jenny Marx gave birth to her fourth child. The Prussian authorities
applied pressure on the British government to expel Marx but the Prime
Minister, John Russell, held liberal views on freedom of expression and
refused.
With only the money that Engels could raise, the Marx family lived in extreme
poverty. In March 1850 they were ejected from their two-roomed flat in
Chelsea for failing to pay the rent.
Marx spent most of the time in the Reading Room of the British Museum,
where he read the back numbers of The Economist and other books and
journals that would help him analyze capitalist society. In order to help supply
Marx with an income, Friedrich Engels returned to work for his father in
Germany. The two kept in constant contact and over the next twenty years they
wrote to each other on average once every two days.
In 1852, Charles Dana, the socialist editor of the New York Daily Tribune,
offered Marx the opportunity to write for his newspaper. Over the next ten
years the newspaper published 487 articles by Marx (125 of them had actually
been written by Engels). Another radical in the USA, George Ripley,
commissioned Marx to write for the New American Cyclopaedia. With the
money from Marx's journalism and the £120 inherited from Jenny's mother, the
family were able to move to 9 Grafton Terrace, Kentish Town.
Despite all his problems Marx continued to work and in 1867 the first volume
of Das Kapital was published. A detailed analysis of capitalism, the book
dealt with important concepts such as surplus value (the notion that a worker
receives only the exchange-value, not the use-value, of his labour); division of
labour (where workers become a "mere appendage of the machine") and the
industrial reserve army (the theory that capitalism creates unemployment as a
means of keeping the workers in check).
In the final part of Das Kapital Marx deals with the issue of revolution. Marx
argued that the laws of capitalism will bring about its destruction. Capitalist
competition will lead to a diminishing number of monopoly capitalists, while
at the same time, the misery and oppression of the proletariat would increase.
Marx claimed that as a class, the proletariat will gradually become
"disciplined, united and organised by the very mechanism of the process of
capitalist production" and eventually will overthrow the system that is the
cause of their suffering.
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