GLADIO, the Judeofascist prequel of Al-Qaeda:
OPERATION GLADIO
ITALY
1947 Origins of Gladio
"As early as 1947, the United States was constructing a clandestine network in Northern Italy to act in the event of a communist insurrection or electoral victory." (Wolfgang Achtner, Sunday Independent, 11/11/90)
"Though the Stay Behind operation was officially started only in 1952, "the whole exercise had been in existence for a long time, in fact ever since it was born in the head of Allen Dulles," said the ex-Nato source who has access to files in several West European nations. According to him, Dulles, the first chief of the CIA, worked out the original plan to build secret anti-communist guerilla forces across Europe when he was based in Switzerland at the end of the second world war. Dulles, Sir Stewart Menzies (SIS) and the Belgian Premier Paul Henri Spaak codified the plan in a secret pact sometime between 1949 and 1952 under the umbrella of the Clandestine Co-ordinating Committee at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, (SHAPE), which became Nato. "There was a division of labour between the British and the US," he continued, "with Britain taking responsibility for the operation in France, Belgium, Holland, Portugal and Norway and the Americans looking after Sweden, Finland and the rest of Europe" (Searchlight, January 1991)
1951 Formation of Clandestine Planning Committee
"In 1951, said the newspaper [Die Welt], Allied intelligence agencies and each participating nation - Germany, Italy and France being among the first - agreed to set up a Committee for planning to oversee the network" (Associated Press, 13/11/90)
1955-58 CIA control of Italian secret services
"Former defence minister Paulo Taviani [told Magistrate Casson during his 1990 investigation] that during his time in office (1955-1958), the Italian secret services were bossed and financed by the boys in Via Veneto' - ie the CIA agents in the US Embassy in the heart of Rome. (William Scobie, Observer, 18/11/90)
1956 General Giovanni de Lorenzo appointed head of Sifar
"De Lorenzo was...appointed head of the secret services (Sifar) in 1956 by President Granchi, he stayed on as head of Sifar after he was made commander of the carabinieri in 1962." (Stuart Christie, "Stefano de Chiaie", Anarchy/Refract, 1984)
1956 Formation of Gladio
"US documents declassified in the 1970's show that General Giovanni de Lorenzo, the chief of Sifar (Italian Military Intelligence), joined the US in the 1950's in preparing a plan against a Communist takeover, but did not inform his own government. According to a document released by Mr Andreotti last month the CIA and Sifar sketched a plan in November 1956, codenamed Gladio, to form a force of 1000 men capable of guerilla warfare and espionage. A training base was set-up in Sardinia and 139 weapons and ammunition dumps were hidden in Northern Italy." (Wolfgang Achtner, Sunday
Independent, 11/11/90)
"Andreotti ... has admitted to parliament that a covert intelligence service was set-up forty years ago, with the help of the CIA and British agents to combat Soviet subversion or aggression. Although no elected representatives save Prime Ministers were told of its existence, it still exists." (Wolfgang Achtner, Sunday Independent, 11/11/90)
"The network, run by secret-services of Nato members, was apparently set-up in the 1950's at US instigation to create a guerrilla resistance organisation in the event of a Soviet invasion or communist takeover in Nato countries." (John Palmer, Guardian, 10/11/90)
"General sir Anthony Farrar-Hockley, a former commander-in-chief of Nato forces in northern Europe said... that a covert intelligence service was set up in Italy with the help of British agents and the CIA - which also partly funded it. The Italian branch of the network was known as Operation Gladio" (Richard Norton Taylor, Guardian, 15/11/90)
"Gladio was the name given to the Italian branch of a network with the harmless official name, Allied Co-Ordination Committee, set up with British help in the 1950's, operated by the secret services and partly financed by the United States CIA." (Richard Norton-Taylor, Guardian, 16/11/90)
Post-1956 Structure of Gladio
Gladio was "Set up to engage in clandestine, non-conventional resistance in the event of invasion. 622 people were recruited and trained by American and British intelligence at the Capo Marrargui base on the northern tip of Sardinia. They were organised in 40 independent cells. Six were responsible for intelligence-gathering, 10 for sabotage, 6 for codes and radio communications, 6 for running escape routes and 12 for guerilla warfare. Five of the guerrilla units were named after flowers such as azalea, rhododendron and broom. Gladio established 139 arms caches, mostly in north-east Italy near the Gorizia gap, through which any Soviet invasion was expected to come. Since then 127 have been recovered, 10 more have been built over, but the last two were probably found by private citizens, but the suspicion remains that they were used by right-wing terrorists." (Charles Richards & Simon Jones, Independent, 16/11/90)
"Two Communist MP's [who] got into the [Gladio] secret training base near Alghero, Sardinia, discovered that when the Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti had spoken of 'only 622 units' he had failed to mention that each was a guerrilla chief who would raise 12 to 15 followers to et total of 15,000 men. After training sessions these Gladio chieftains took their 'personal weapons' home to be ready for the Soviet invasion." (William Scobie, Observer, 18/11/90)
[snip]
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