Acidity will rise with more H2SO4. Right, and pH falls. The pH is index the inverse of the concentration of hydronium ion in moles per litre. So a pH of 7, which is neutral or what tap water is close to, is 1/10^7 moles of H3O (Hydronium or H904 - nobody knows for sure) per litre. The smaller a pH number gets, the more acid you have. 0 pH means one mole per litre. 10^-0 (ten to the negative 0 -- it has a meaning) is 1 over ten to the 0. Ten to the power of 0 is the quantity one. So, the negative log of the concentration of one mole of acid in one litre of water is zero.
pH = 0 == 10^-0 = 1/10^0 = 1/1 == one mole/litre H3O.
What if you get more than one mole per liter acid? Well, you can have 12 moles or more or less acid at saturation but below 0 pH its off the pH scale so it is not quoted as such, just moles of acid per litre. pH runs from 0, (most acid) to 7, (neutral) to 14 (most basic) and is defined as the negative log of the concentration of the hydronium ion per litre water. Also the reciprocal, (one over) of the log of the concentration can be said as well.
Hydronium Ion: Water molecule with donated proton from the acid, supposed to be H3O, but the ion is probably made of 3 more water molecules (H2O), so it is then H9O4. Water may ne ionic in fact, so it is really HOH in a big matrix not H2O until it is ionized. So H3O is also ionically bound, and not free from the water matrix, but just behaves as H9O4.
Acid: Substance which donates a proton to other substances or accepts electrons. Thus it dissolves or dissociates other materials. HCL, Vinegar, Sulfuric, Nitric.
Mole: The number of grams of a substance equal to its atomic molecular weight. H2S04 is 98 grams per mole. Equal to Avogadro's number of molecules. Big number.
Base: That which has a hydroxide ion (-OH) in it, or can accept protons, or neutralize acids with the same facility as substances with OH . (Na2CO3, sodium carbonate or NH3, ammonia, are bases too as well as sodium hydroxide, NaOH or lye.)
So, here is an *OT* question for you. What common substances in a household can be used to indicate pH changes?
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