The Jewish Disproportionate Involvement in
Communism
By Ian McKinney, (Rev. 3.0, July 24, 2000)
One of the most suppressed facts concerning the so-called "Russian Revolution" of 1917 is that Jews constituted the majority of the Bolshevik leadership and were found in very disproportionate numbers in other Marxist regimes across eastern Europe. While the Jews, and those sympathetic to them, continue to condemn anyone who brings up these facts as an "anti-Semite" or "hatemonger", it remains undeniable that communism was both a Jewish inspired and lead revolutionary movement, which eventually precipitated mass-murder, rape, oppression, subversion, and destruction on a scale the world had never seen. The supression of this information by the Jews is no accident. After all, if the Jewish role in communism and the death of tens of millions of people and destruction caused by it were to become widely known, how would that affect the public image promoted by the Jews as themselves being innocent and inoffensive perpetual victims of wicked gentiles? Doubtless, it would greatly diminish the effect of the Holocaust on gentiles, since numerous observers, including even Jewish writers, namely Israel Shahack and Alfred Lillienthal, have commented on how Jewish political groups and the state of Israel routinely use the Holocaust to browbeat gentile nations for political ends, there is more at stake than mere historical accuracy. It shows that when in positions of absolute power over gentiles, these Jewish Bolsheviks set NEW standards for depavity, viciousness, oppression, and political violence in the modern era. What the history of Bolshevism does prove is that Jews have never faced the music for this blight and have no authority to be giving moral lectures to anyone, and, especially, to be using the Holocaust as a moral blackjack of intimidation against gentiles to prevent criticism of their nefarious and self-serving political activity.
This Holocaust exploitation has gotten so bad that a tiny number of Jews are protesting. One such Jewish writer recently announced that "The Holocaust has proven to be an indispensable ideological weapon. Through its deployment, one of the world's most formidable military powers (Israel), with a horrendous human rights record, has cast itself as a "victim" state, and the most successful ethnic group in the United States has likewise acquired victim status. Considerable dividends accrue from this specious victimhood-in particular, immunity to criticism, however justified." (Norman Finklestein, "The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering", Verso, 2000). The Holocaust guilt business would be hard pressed to gain much sympathy from gentiles if the tremendously disproportionate Jewish role in communism's butchery were known. In fact, its no coincidence that communism itself began with a Jew and we find Jews prominant through out its entire bloody history.
Several recent books by Benjamin Ginsberg, Norman Cantor, Arkady Vaksberg, Richard Pipes, Albert Lindemann, and others adress the Bolshevik issue as it applies to Jews but are highly sympathetic and go out of their way to rationalize this disproportionate Jewish involvement. Despite this bias, these authors invariably disclose tremendous amounts of damning evidence against the Jews that largely confirms what the opponents of the Jews have been saying for eighty years.
FATHER OF COMMUNISM WAS A JEW
First, it is a fact that the father of communism, Karl Marx, was a Jew because "on both paternal and maternal sides Karl Marx was descended from rabbinical families" (Univ. Jew. Encyc., Vol.VII, p. 289). Whether he was a "religous" Jew is of no significant importance in this discussion, since Jewishness is not defined exclusively by adherance to Judaism. The Jews themselves argue almost constantly over what makes one a Jew. Nonetheless, a great bulk of Jews today would probably identify themselves as atheists or agnostics, but also nonetheless consider themselves Jews. Regardless of interpretations, Marx was from an undeniably Jewish family and his children "retained or regained a sense of Jewish identity" according to Benjamin Ginsberg in "The Fatal Embarce - Jews and the State", in which he then goes on to conclude: "Marx took little pride in his Jewishness. He must be considered a prime candidate for that problematic category with Lasalle and Heine, of the self-hating Jew." Marx was of indisputable Jewish ancestry, perhaps "a self-hating" Jew, but a Jew nonetheless. Several other Jewish authors also claim Karl Marx as their own. For example, in a chapter called "Jewish Creative Minds" in "A People’s Epic - Highlights of Jewish History in Terset" the author remarks thusly: "Karl Marx's broad economic view gave labor status, bread and shelter too; His theories, revolutionary, new." (Walter Field, "A People’s Epic - Highlights of Jewish History in Terset", Lehr Book Venture Publishers, Santa Fe Springs, California, 1987. Library of Congress number 63-11154. This book contains personal endorsements from two former Israeli presidents: Ben Gurion and president at the time of publishing, Shazar).
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS CONFIRM JEWISH ROLE IN BOLSHEVISM IN RUSSIA
While some persons, who deny Jewish involvement in communism, will concede that Marx was indeed Jewish, while at the same time denying any otherwise significant Jewish involvement, let's see the them deny the communist-Jewish connection as clearly exposed in diplomatic cables that passed between American representatives in Russia and Washington D.C. during the time of the Bolshevik take-over of Russia, which clearly identify Jews as the leaders of Bolshevism. The following quotes are taken directly from documents available from the U.S. Archives:
State Department document 861.00/1757 sent May 2, 1918 by U.S. consul general in Moscow, Summers: "Jews prominant in local Soviet government, anti-Jewish feeling growing among population...."
State Department document 861.00/2205 was sent from Vladivostok on July 5, 1918 by U.S. consul Caldwell: "Fifty percent of Soviet government in each town consists of Jews of the worst type."
From the Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces, Siberia on March 1, 1919, comes this telegram from Omsk by Chief of Staff, Capt. Montgomey Shuyler: "It is probably unwise to say this loudly in the United States but the Bolshevik movement is and has been since it's beginning guided and controlled by Russian Jews of the greasiest type."
A second Schuyler telegram, dated June 9, 1919 from Vladivostok, reports on the make-up of the presiding Soviet government: "...(T)here were 384 `commissars' including 2 negroes, 13 Russians, 15 Chinamen, 22 Armenians, AND MORE THAN 300 JEWS. Of the latter number, 264 had come to Russia from the United States since the downfall of the Imperial Government."
With the notable exception of Lenin (Vladimir Ulyanov), most of the leading Communists who took control of Russia in 1917-20 were Jews. (Lenin was married to the suspected Jewess, Nadezhda Krupskaya, and has since been discovered by Dmitri Volkogonov, a former Soviet general, who had access to the KGB archives, to have been least 25% Jewish! - "Lenin's Lineage? 'Jewish,' Claims Moscow News," Forward [New York City] Feb. 28,1992) Leon Trotsky (Lev Bronstein) leader of the Russian Revolution, was architect of the Red Army, and commissar of foreign affairs between 1917-1924. Yakov Sverdlov (Solomon) was both the Bolshevik party's executive secretary and - as chairman of the Central Executive Committee - head of the Soviet government. Grigori Zinoviev (Radomyslsky) headed the Communist International (Comintern), the central agency for spreading communist revolution in other countries. Other prominent Jews included street agitator and later press commissar Karl Radek (Sobelsohn), foreign affairs commissar Maxim Litvinov (Wallach), Lev Kamenev (Rosenfeld), the first Soviet president Yakov Sverdlov, and Moses Uritsky head of the Commisary for the Constituent Assembly.
In addition to the Bolsheviks, the other communist faction, the Mensheviks, the percentage of Jews was even greater. It was led by Theodore Dan, Julius Martov (Zederbaum), and M.I. Lieber (formerly of the Jewish Bund)- all Jews. Likewise, the two other principle Marxist factions often in conflict with the Bolsheviks and who often sided with the Mensheviks, were the revolutionary Jewish Bund and Rosa Luxemburg's Polish Social Democrats (Luxemberg, a Jew, was one of the top Marxist agitators later who worked with Karl radek and another Marxist Jew, Karl Liebnecht, in revolutionary activities in Germany until 1919, when Luxemberg and Liebnecht were assassinated by German Freikorps militiamen.)
Additional confirmation of the Jewishness of Bolshevism comes from none other than Trotzky himself, who included a reproduction of a widely circulated Russian postcard entitled "Leaders of the Proletarian Revolution" in his book on Stalin. The postcard pictures the following persons: Lenin (one-quarter Jewish and married to a suspected Jewess), Trotzky (Jew), Zinoviev (Jew), Kamenev (Jew), Sverdlov (Jew), and Lunacharsky (gentile).
Communism's Jewishness was also known to most of the world's politicians and officials. David R. Francis, United States ambassador in Russia, warned in a January 1918 dispatch to Washington: "The Bolshevik leaders here, most of whom are Jews and 90 percent of whom are returned exiles, care little for Russia or any other country but are internationalists and they are trying to start a worldwide social revolution." Likewise, the Netherlands' ambassador in Russia, Oudendyke, confirmed this: "Unless Bolshevism is nipped in the bud immediately, it is bound to spread in one form or another over Europe and the whole world as it is organized and worked by Jews who have no nationality, and whose one object is to destroy for their own ends the existing order of things."
Now, as in just about any kind of suppressed history, sporadically the truth leaks out. So far the Jews in the Establishment media mainly, have been pretty successful at preventing widespread knowledge of Jewish involvement in Marxism. Nonetheless, surprisingly often a book does get published that discloses things the Jews would rather remain hidden from public view. For example, in the Sunday Telegraph (London, England: Nov. 18, 1990) the question was asked, "Why then has it (Winter in Moscow) never been republished? The answer may lie in Muggeridge's handling of what was then called the 'Jewish question.'...Winter in Moscow is acutely concerned with Jews...It was of course the case that a very disproportionate number of the early Bolsheviks were Jews and thus of commissars and apparatchiki..."
EYEWITNESSES CONFIRM IT
Just in case anyone thinks I've taken a few selected quotes out-of-context, here's three full paragraphs from Dr. George A. Simons, a former superintendent of the Methodist Missions in Russia, Bolshevik Propaganda Hearing Before the Sub-Committee of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 65th Congress:
"We were told that hundreds of agitators had followed in the trail of Trotsky (Bronstein) these men having come over from the lower east side of New York. Some of them when they learned that I was the American Pastor in Petrograd, stepped up to me and seemed very much pleased that there was somebody who could speak English, and their broken English showed that they had not qualified as being Americas. A number of these men called on me and were impressed with the strange Yiddish element in this thing right from the beginning, and it soon became evident that more than half the agitators in the socalled Bolshevik movement were Jews...I have a firm conviction that this thing is Yiddish, and that one of its bases is found in the east side of New York...The latest startling information, given me by someone with good authority, startling information, is this, that in December, 1918, in the northern community of Petrograd that is what they call the section of the Soviet regime under the Presidency of the man known as Apfelbaum (Zinovieff) out of 388 members, only 16 happened to be real Russians, with the exception of one man, a Negro from America who calls himself Professor Gordon.
I was impressed with this, Senator, that shortly after the great revolution of the winter of 1917, there were scores of Jews standing on the benches and soap boxes, talking until their mouths frothed, and I often remarked to my sister, 'Well, what are we coming to anyway. This all looks so Yiddish.' Up to that time we had see very few Jews, because there was, as you know, a restriction against having Jews in Petrograd, but after the revolution they swarmed in there and most of the agitators were Jews.
I might mention this, that when the Bolshevik came into power all over Petrograd, we at once had a predominance of Yiddish proclamations, big posters and everything in Yiddish. It became very evident that now that was to be one of the great languages of Russia; and the real Russians did not take kindly to it."
Even as recently as 1965, a study by the US Senate Judiciary Committee of anti-Jewish policies of the Soviet government at that time entitled "The Soviet Empire, A Study of Discrimination and Abuse of Power" revealed that before WW2 a whopping 41.1% of the members of the entire Supreme Soviet had been Jews despite being a mere 2% of the population.
TOP JEWISH BANKER FINANCED THEM
Not only were Jews represented in amazing numbers among the Marxist revolutionaries, but the most wealthy Jewish bankers gave loans and other financing. In the New York Journal-American of Feburary 3, 1949 society columnist Cholly Knickerbocker wrote that Jacob Schiff's grandson, a prominent member of New York society at that time, revealed that his grandfather firm Kuhn, Loeb "sank" $20 million dollars into the "final triumph of Bolshevism in Russia." Schiff's critical and generous financial aid to the Bolsheviks is also confirmed in the Jewish Communal Register of New York City for 1917-1918.
American Jew and communist millioniare, Francis Hammer, lived on and off in the Soviet Union and functioned as a Bolshevik financial middleman to the West. This activity was continued until the collapse of the USSR by his well-known son and owner of Occidental Pertroleum, Armand Hammer.
THE JEWS CONFIRM IT THEMSELVES, SOME JEWS EVEN BRAG
Some opponents will claim that the preceding sources are "anti-Semitic" and therefore unconvincing, but they'd be wrong. Here's a several Jewish sources that essentially substantiate the previous ones:
"Whatever the racial antecedents of their top man, the first Soviet commissariats were largely staffed with Jews. The Jewish position in the Communist movement was well understood in Russia. The White Armies which opposed the Bolshevik government linked Jews and Bolsheviks as common enemies" (Univ. Jew Encyc., Vol. I, p. 336).
"The Bolshevik revolution in Russia was the work of Jewish brains, of Jewish dissatisfaction, of Jewish planning, whose goal is to create a new order in the world. What was performed in so excellent a way in Russia, thanks to Jewish brains, and because of Jewish dissatisfaction and by Jewish planning, shall also, through the same Jewish mental an physical forces, become a reality all over the world." (The American Hebrew, September 10, 1920)
"There is much in the fact of Bolshevism itself, in the fact that so many Jews are Bolshevists. The ideals of Bolshevism are consonant with many of the highest ideals of Judaism." (Jewish Chronicle, London April, 4, 1919)
"You have not begun to appreciate the real depth of our guilt. We are intruders. We are disturbers. We are subverters. We have been at the bottom not merely of the latest great war but of all your wars, not only of the Russian but of every other major revolution in your history." (Marcus Eli Ravage, Century Magazine, January-February 1928).
"In the Bolshevik era, 52 percent of the membership of the Soviet communist party was Jewish, though Jews comprised only 1.8 percent of the total population." (Stuart Kahan (grandson of Lazar Kagaonvich), The Wolf of the Kremlin, p. 81)
"We [Jews] have erred, my friend, we have most grievously erred.... We who have posed as the saviours of the world, we who have boasted of having given it the Saviour, we are today nothing else but the world's seducers, its destroyers, its incendiaries, its executioners..." (Dr. Oscar Levy, preface to the book The World Significance of the Russian Revolution by Professor George Pitts-Rivers of Oxford University)
"In 1897 was founded the Bund, the union of Jewish workers in Poland and Lithuania. . . They engaged in revolutionary activity upon a large scale, and their energy made them the spearhead of the Party" (Article on "Communism" by Harold J. Laski, Encyc. Brit., Vol. III, pp 824-827).
Occasionally, even today some Jewish historians will acknowledge this disproportionate Jewish involvement in Russian communism. Norman Cantor, professor of history at New York University, confirmed: "Half of the six members of the politburo that was the supreme government of Soviet Russia in 1920 were Jews. The first head of the Soviet secret police was Jewish. Jews were prominent in the leadership of the Communist party in Germany, Hungary, and Austria. In the 1920s close to half the members of the small and politically insignificant American Communist party were Jewish." ("The Sacred Chain - A History of the Jews," Norman F. Cantor, HarperCollins, 1995)
The Jewish Encyclopedia acknowledges the preponderance of Jews among the Soviet power structure and that large numbers of Russians associated Jews with Bolsheviks: "Whatever the racial antecedents of their top man, the first Soviet commissariats were largely staffed with Jews. The Jewish position in the Communist movement was well understood in Russia. The White Armies which opposed the Bolshevik government linked Jews and Bolsheviks as common enemies" (Univ. Jew Encyc., Vol. I, p. 336). The recent tome, "The Black Book of Communism", makes several references to this fact when mentioning the numberous anti-Soviet rebellions that occurred in the first three decades of Bolshevism where the people were speaking against "Jews and Bolsheviks." The two were essentially considered one in the same.
In another book, Cantor provides confirmation of Jewish prominence in other important areas of the communist government: " The founders of the Soviet secret police (later KGB), headquartered in Lubyanka prison in Moscow, were mostly Jews. Jews also took leadership roles, down into the early 1950s, in the Communist parties of Germany, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Rumania. In the struggle for succession to Lenin in the 1920s, leading to the defeat and exile of the Jewish Trotsky Bronstein), most of the high-level Soviet Jews made the mistake of supporting Stalin, an Asiatic anti-Semite who in the purge trials in the mid-1930s eventually eliminated these Jewish "Old Bolsheviks." But even to some degree after the Great Purge, Jews were still prevalent in powerful Soviet government positions and many of Stalin's cohorts in the 1940s had Jewish wives. Here is a cool appraisal of Stalin's Jews, published in 1994 by the Russian writer Arkady Vaksberg.
(Skeptics pay particular attention to this last bragging paragraph - ipm)
'During the heyday of the Cold War, American Jewish publicists spent a lot of time denying that-as 1930s anti-Semites claimed-Jews played a disproportionately important role in Soviet and world Communism. The truth is until the early 1950s. Jews did play such a role, and there is nothing to be ashamed of. In time, Jews will learn to take pride in the record of the Jewish Communists in the Soviet Union and elsewhere. It was a species of striking back." -- The Jewish Experience, "Stalin's Jews", pp. 364, Norman F. Cantor, Castle Books, 1996. (Dr. Cantor is the author of several books on Jewish history and a professor of history at New York University.)
ANTI-SEMITISM MADE A CAPITAL OFFENSE IN USSR
Interestinly, one of the first acts by the Bolsheviks was to make so-called "anti-Semitism" a capital crime. This is confirmed by Stalin himself: "National and racial chauvinism is a vestige of the misanthropic customs characteristic of the period of cannibalism. Anti-Semitism, as an extreme form of racial chauvinism, is the most dangerous vestige of cannibalism...under USSR law active anti-Semites are liable to the death penalty." (Stalin, Collected Works, vol. 13, p. 30).
So sensitive to the Jewish question was the Soviet establishment that even the hint of so-called "hidden anti-semitism" was enough to cause expulsion from the Communist Party. Even criticizing someone who was Jewish was enough to cause dire consequences. For example, two Ukrainian leaders, Grigory Petrovsky and Vlas Chubar, came to Moscow to personally complain to Stalin about Kaganovich's harsh measures in the Ukraine which were killing off all the most capable workers. Stalin defended Kaganovich and accused Petrovsky and Chubar of anti-semitism. Chubar was eventually shot, Petrovsky arrested, and Petrovsky's son was executed. (Cantor, The Jewish Experience, pp 373.)
JEWISH-LED SECRET POLICE MURDER MILLIONS
It was during this time that Bolshevik Commissars (many of them Jews) conducted a horrendous reign of terror against the non-Jewish Russian population. In one operation alone, they deliberately starved to death 8 to 15 million Ukrainian gentile farmers during the 1920's in one of the most vile campaigns in history orchestrated by Stalin's brother-in-law and the most powerful Jew in the USSR, Lazar Kaganovich. Of course, Kaganovich certainly wasn't the only Jew involved: "[I]n (the) Ukraine Jews made up nearly 80 percent of the rank-and-file Cheka agents," reports W. Bruce Lincoln, an American professor of Russian history. Veteran Chicago Tribune Baltic correspondent, Donald Day, exposed yet another important Jew involved in the Ukrainian crimes: "Artemic Bagratovich Khalatov (Jewish) headed that branch of the Cheka which organized the food supply of the Soviets. He organized the punitive expeditions of the Cheka which confiscated the grain and foodstuffs from the peasants. A policy whose direct result was the great famine of 1920-21."
The prominence of Jews in Soviet secret police agencies was not isolated to the Unkraine - in fact, a Jew, Moses Uritzky, was the first head of the Cheka. Incidently, Uritzky was assassinated in 1918 by two Jews from the competing Marxist Social Revolutionary Party.
During the civil war that followed the Bolshevik takeover and raged for several years afterward, Jews became so closely linked with the worst Bolshevik outrages that Bolshevism became thoroughly connected with Jews. So much so that Trotsky himself once ordered that the number of Jews be significantly reduced in the highly-visible Cheka apparently in an attempt to reduce the resistance of the Russian and Ukranian populations to the Bolshevik government (Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime, Richard Pipes, Knopf, NY, 1993. pp.104).
Like Cantor, Benjamin Ginsberg discusses the general preponderance of Jews among the Soviet police agencies in his 1994 book "The Fatal Embrace - Jews and the State": "During the 1920s and 1930s, Jews were a major element in the secret police and other Soviet security forces. Genrikh Yagoda, for instance, served as chief of the secret police during the 1930s. Yagoda had been a pharmacist before the Revolution and specialized in preparing poisons for his agents to use in liquidating Stalin's opponents."
Ginsberg continues in the next paragraph by describing how Jews greatly expanded and organized the murderous Soviet Gulag prison system: "Other high-ranking Jewish secret policemen included Matvei Berman and Naftali Frenkel who helped to expand and institutionalize the slave labor system. Slave laborers working under Frenkel's supervision built the White-Sea Baltic Canal in 1932. As many as 200,000 workers perished while completing this project. Another Jewish security officer, K. V. Pauker, served as chief of operations of the secret police in the 1930s. Lev lnzhir was chief accountant for the Gulag. M. T. Gay headed the special secret police department that conducted the purges of the 1930s. In what came to be called the "Great Terror," he supervised the mass arrests, trials, and executions of Stalin's opponents. Two other Jewish secret policemen, A. A. Slutsky and Boris Berman, were in charge of Soviet terror and espionage abroad during the 1930s. Jews were also important in the Red Army. In addition to Trotsky, prominent Jewish generals included Yona Yakir, who was a member of the Communist party central committee; Dmitri Schmidt, a civil war hero and commander of the Kiev area; and Yakob Kreiser, a hero of the defense of Moscow during the Second World War."
Laventri Beria was another early Bolshevik and a particularly vicious secret police boss who ran the NKVD from 1939 until after Stalin's death in 1953 when he became Deputy Premier of the USSR. Although born in Georgia, he has been widely and persistently thought to have been Jewish. Although Beria's Jewishness is still somewhat in disputed, it is important to note that a number of leaders in the Soviet bureaucracy in positions to know, certainly believed at the time that Beria was a Jew as evidenced by the following two statements by Pavel Sudoplatov: "Ryumin and Ignatiev joined the minister of state security of Georgia, Nikolai M. Rukhadze, to accuse Beria of concealing his Jewish origin and fabricating a conspiracy against Stalin in Georgia."(Page 306), and "In May 1953, two months after Stalin's death, Zoya Zarubina (Jewish), who had become a dean of the Moscow Institute of Foreign Languages and a party secretary, heard at a confidential party meeting that Beria was concealing his Jewish origins." - Page 307, 'Special Tasks' by Pavel and Anatoli Sudoplatov, 1995, Little, Brown and Co.
Although it is true that Joseph Stalin eventually reduced the number of Jews in the highest government positions because many, like Trotsky, became his political rivals, Jews remained one of the most prominent groups in the NKVD. Nonetheless, according to a recent book written by two Russian authors, N.K. Petrow and K.W. Skorkin (Title: "Who led the NKWD, 1934-1941?" Publisher: N.G. Ochotin, A.B. Roginskij, Verlag Swenja, Moscow, 1999) "Even in absolute numbers, the Jews...made up the largest group in the leadership of the Stalinist Secret Police. The Russian myth of the "Jewish NKVD" thus had a factual basis. The Nazis, who knew precisely of these facts, used it for their propaganda purposes of the Jewish-Bolshevik terror regime that they felt obligated to destroy." |
