Iraq Oil - part 3 Country Profile
eia.doe.gov
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COUNTRY OVERVIEW
Head of Government: Saddam Hussein al-Takriti
Deputy Prime Minister: Tariq 'Aziz
Independence: October 3, 1932
Population (7/01E): 23.3 million
Location/Size: Middle East/168,709 square miles, slightly more than twice the size of Idaho.
Major Cities: Baghdad (capital), Basra, Mosul, Karbala, Kirkuk
Languages: Arabic, Kurdish
Ethnic Groups: Arab 75-80%, Kurdish 15-20%, Turkmen, Assyrian, or other 5%
Religions: 97% Muslim (Shi'a 60-65%, Sunni 32-37%), Christian or other (3%)
Defense (2001E): Army (375,000); Air Force (30,000); Navy (2,000). Iraq is believed to have 2,200 main battle tanks and over 300 combat aircraft (of which as few as 100 may be serviceable); Paramilitary Forces (42,000-44,000, including Security Troops, Border Guards, and "Saddam's Fedayeen")
ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
Currency: Iraqi Dinar (ID)
Unofficial Exchange Rate (9/02E): US$1 = ID1,990 (note: the official rate is US$1 = ID 0.3)
Gross Domestic Product (at market exchange rates) (2002E): $28.6 billion
Gross Domestic Product (at purchasing power parity rates) (2002E): $15.5 billion (around one-third of 1989's economic output)
Real GDP Growth Rate (2001E): 3.2% (2002E): (-3%)-1.5% (2003F): 1.9%-6%
Inflation Rate (consumer prices) (2001E): 28.1% (2002E): 24.6% (2003F): 17.6%
Major Export Products (2002): Crude oil and oil products (regulated by the United Nations)
Major Import Products (2002): Food, medicine, consumer goods (regulated by the United Nations)
Merchandise Exports (2001E): $15.8 billion
Merchandise Imports (2001E): $11.0 billion
Merchandise Trade Balance (2001E): $4.8 billion
Current Account Balance (2001E): $0.9 billion
Oil Export Revenues (2002E): $13.1 billion (includes $3 billion or so in smuggling)
Oil Export Revenues/Total Export Revenues (2002E): 95% or more
Total External Debt (2001E): $62.2 billion
ENERGY OVERVIEW
Minister of Oil: Amir Muhammad Rashid al-Ubaydi
Proven Oil Reserves (1/1/02E): 112.5 billion barrels (around 75 billion barrels of which has not yet been developed; potential reserves are as high as 200 billion barrels
Oil Production (January-July 2002E): 1.99 million barrels per day (bbl/d), of which 1.97 million bbl/d is crude oil (note: Iraqi oil production was 2.45 million bbl/d in 2001)
Oil Production Capacity, Maximum Sustainable (10/02E): 2.8-3.0 million bbl/d
Oil Export Routes: Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipeline; Mina al-Bakr port; to Jordan and Turkey via truck; reportedly to Syria via the Kirkuk-Banias pipeline; smuggling by boat along the Gulf coast
Oil Consumption (2002E): 460,000 barrels per day (bbl/d)
Net Oil Exports (January-July 2002E): 1.5 million bbl/d
U.S. Oil Imports from Iraq (January - July 2002E): 566,000 bbl/d (down from 795,000 bbl/d during 2001)
Crude Oil Refining Capacity (1/1/02E): 417,500 bbl/d (according to the Oil and Gas Journal)
Natural Gas Reserves (1/1/02E): 109.8 trillion cubic feet (Tcf)
Natural Gas Production/Consumption (2000E): 111 billion cubic feet (Bcf)
Electricity Generation Capacity (2000E): 9.5 gigawatts (90% thermal)
Electricity Production (2000E): 27.3 billion kilowatthours
ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW
Total Energy Consumption (2000E): 1.09 quadrillion Btu* (0.3% of world total energy consumption)
Energy-Related Carbon Emissions (2000E): 20.2 million metric tons of carbon (0.3% of world total carbon emissions)
Per Capita Energy Consumption (1999E): 51.7 million Btu (vs U.S. value of 355.8 million Btu)
Per Capita Carbon Emissions (2000E): 0.88 metric tons of carbon (vs U.S. value of 5.6 metric tons of carbon)
Energy Intensity (1999E): 14,895 Btu/ $1995 (vs U.S. value of 11,138 Btu/ $1995)**
Carbon Intensity (1999E): 0.28 metric tons of carbon/thousand $1995 (vs U.S. value of 0.18 metric tons/thousand $1995)**
Sectoral Share of Energy Consumption (1998E): Transportation (56.9%), Industrial (33.9%), Residential (9.2%), Commercial (0.0%)
Sectoral Share of Carbon Emissions (1998E): Transportation (61.1%), Industrial (28.9%), Residential (9.9%), Commercial (0.0%)
Fuel Share of Energy Consumption (2000E): Oil (88.6%), Natural Gas (10.6%)
Fuel Share of Carbon Emissions (2000E): Oil (90.4%), Natural Gas (10.6%)
Renewable Energy Consumption (1998E): 7 trillion Btu* (0% increase from 1997)
Number of People per Motor Vehicle (1998): 17.8 (vs U.S. value of 1.3)
Status in Climate Change Negotiations: Iraq is not a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or to the Kyoto Protocol.
Major Environmental Issues: Government water control projects have drained most of the inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Shi'a Muslims, who have inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; development of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation (salination) and erosion; desertification.
Major International Environmental Agreements: A party to the Law of the Sea and the Nuclear Test Ban. Has signed, but not ratified, Environmental Modification.
* The total energy consumption statistic includes petroleum, dry natural gas, coal, net hydro, nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste electric power. The renewable energy consumption statistic is based on International Energy Agency (IEA) data and includes hydropower, solar, wind, tide, geothermal, solid biomass and animal products, biomass gas and liquids, industrial and municipal wastes. Sectoral shares of energy consumption and carbon emissions are also based on IEA data.
**GDP based on EIA International Energy Annual 2000
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Major Companies: The Oil Ministry oversees the nationalized oil industry through the Iraq National Oil Company (INOC). Autonomous companies under INOC include the State Company for Oil Projects (SCOP) - design and engineering of upstream and downstream projects; Oil Exploration Company (OEC) - exploration; Northern Oil Company (NOC) and Southern Oil Company (SOC) - upstream activities in northern/central and southern Iraq, respectively; State Organization for Oil Marketing (SOMO) - crude oil sales and OPEC relations; Iraqi Oil Tankers Company (IOTC); and various departments within the Ministry of Oil which run Iraq's internal pipeline systems, distribute oil products, operate downstream natural gas/LPG projects and gas bottling plants. In August 2001, Iraqi oil minister Rashid announced that a new state oil company ("Oil Projects Company") would be created to oversee development of new Iraqi discoveries.
Major Oil Fields (proven reserves - billion barrels, 2001E): Majnoon (12.1-20.0), West Qurna (11.3-15.0), East Baghdad (11+), Kirkuk (10+), Rumaila (10+), Nahr bin Umar (6+), Rattawi (3.1), Halfaya (2.5-4.6), Nassiriya (2-2.6), Suba-Luhais (2.2), Tuba (1.5), Khurmala (1.0), Gharaf (1.0-1.1), Rafidain (0.7), Amara (0.5)
Oil Refineries (crude refining capacity bbl/d, 2001E): Baiji (150,000), Basra (140,000), Daura (100,000), Khanakin (12,000), Haditha (7,000), Muftiah (4,500), Qayarah (2,000) (Note: Iraq reportedly is constructing several 10,000-bbl/d mobil refineries).
Major Ports: Mina al-Bakr (1.2 million bbl/d current capacity), Khor al-Amaya, Khor al- Zubair, Umm Qasr
Major Pipelines (current capacity): Kirkuk-Ceyhan (Dortyol) Pipeline - 0.9 million bbl/d (optimal capacity on the two lines to Ceyhan is potentially around 1.5-1.6 million bbl/d); Iraq-Saudi Arabia Pipeline (IPSA1, 2) - possibly 1.65 million bbl/d (closed by Saudi Arabia in 1990); Banias/Tripoli Pipeline - possibly 0.3 million bbl/d (closed by Syria in 1982); Iraq Strategic Pipeline - less than 1.4 million bbl/d (reversible, internal transportation only)
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LINKS
For more information on Iraq, see these other sources on the EIA web site:
Iraq Chronology: 1980-2002
EIA - Country Information on Iraq
Links to other U.S. government sites:
2002 CIA World Factbook - Iraq
U.S. Office of Foreign Assests Control (for information on Iraqi Sanctions)
U.S. State Department's Consular Information Sheet - Iraq
Library of Congress -- Iraq Country Study
The following links are provided solely as a service to our customers, and therefore should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any position of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) or the United States Government. In addition, EIA does not guarantee the content or accuracy of any information presented in linked sites.
UN Office of the Iraq Program U.N. Security Council Resolutions Relating to Iraq
Permanent Mission of Iraq to the United Nations
MENA Petroleum Bulletin
University of Texas at Austin -- Iraq Page
Harvard University -- Iraq Page
University of Pennsylvania -- Middle East Center
Planet Arabia.com
AME Info Middle East Business Information |
