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Gold/Mining/Energy : Gold and Silver Juniors, Mid-tiers and Producers

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To: E. Charters who wrote (8860)4/5/2006 1:33:14 PM
From: hubris33  Read Replies (1) of 78416
 
Lode deposits are the targets for the “hardrock”
prospector seeking gold at the site of its deposition
from mineralizing solutions. Geologists have proposed
various hypotheses to explain the source of
solutions from which mineral constituents are precipitated
in lode deposits.

One widely accepted hypothesis proposes that many
gold deposits, especially those found in volcanic and
sedimentary rocks, formed from circulating ground
waters driven by heat from bodies of magma (molten
rock) intruded into the Earth’s crust within about 2 to
5 miles of the surface. Active geothermal systems,
which are exploited in parts of the United States for
natural hot water and steam, provide a modern analog
for these gold-depositing systems. Most of the water
in geothermal systems originates as rainfall, which
moves downward through fractures and permeable
beds in cooler parts of the crust and is drawn laterally
into areas heated by magma, where it is driven
upward through fractures. As the water is heated, it
dissolves metals from the surrounding rocks. When
the heated waters reach cooler rocks at shallower
depths, metallic minerals precipitate to form veins or
blanket-like ore bodies.

Another hypothesis suggests that gold-bearing
solutions may be expelled from magma as it cools,
precipitating ore materials as they move into cooler
surrounding rocks. This hypothesis is applied particularly
to gold deposits located in or near masses of
granitic rock, which represent solidified magma.

A third hypothesis is applied mainly to gold-bearing
veins in metamorphic rocks that occur in mountain
belts at continental margins. In the mountain-building
process, sedimentary and volcanic rocks may be deeply buried or thrust under the edge of the continent,
where they are subjected to high temperatures
and pressures resulting in chemical reactions that
change the rocks to new mineral assemblages
(metamorphism). This hypothesis suggests that water
is expelled from the rocks and migrates upward,
precipitating ore materials as pressures and temperatures
decease. The ore metals are thought to originate
from the rocks undergoing active metamorphism.

The primary concerns of the prospector or miner interested in a lode deposit of gold are to determine
the gold content (tenor) per ton of mineralized rock
and the size of the deposit. From these data, estimates
can be made of the deposit’s value. One of the most
commonly used methods for determining the gold and
silver content of mineralized rocks is the fire assay.
The results are reported as troy ounces of gold or silver
or both per short avoirdupois ton of ore or as
grams per metric ton of ore.

pubs.usgs.gov

Dead link:
What a Mine is All About
imcg.wr.usgs.gov

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