Anybody happen to know which of the HSP inhibitors in
development cross the blood/brain barrier and which do not?
I've stumbled across several of these...
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2005 Apr;2(2):231-8.
Development of a high throughput drug screening assay for the detection of changes in tau levels -- proof of concept with HSP90 inhibitors.
Dickey CA, Eriksen J, Kamal A, Burrows F, Kasibhatla S, Eckman CB, Hutton M, Petrucelli L.
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, FL 32224, USA.
Therapeutic development for Alzheimer's disease has largely focused on the removal of beta amyloid because of its suggested role in the primary agent in initiating the disease process. However, with the recent discovery of mutations that result as pathologic buildup of tau in the absence of amyloid pathology, tau is beginning to be recognized as a potential target for drug discovery. We have developed a high-throughput drug screening method that allows for direct intracellular quantitation of tau protein species, enabling the fast, reliable detection of these changes. We have identified a family of small, blood brain barrier penetrant heat shock protein 90 inhibitors that significantly reduce tau protein levels in vitro. Western blot analysis demonstrated a clear inverse correlation between the tau levels and the increase in HSP27, HSP40 and HSP90. Modifications to this assay will further allow the specific analysis of pathologically relevant species. Using this assay, we have demonstrated that a class of HSP90 inhibitors is able to significantly lower intracellular tau levels most likely through induction of a heat shock response.
(a bit OT, but seems like a good place to park it)
another--hope they've not been posted before, I should
have checked before I pasted
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jan 21;100(2):721-6.
Chaperones increase association of tau protein with microtubules.
Dou F, Netzer WJ, Tanemura K, Li F, Hartl FU, Takashima A, Gouras GK, Greengard P, Xu H.
Fisher Center for Research on Alzheimer's Disease, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Molecular chaperones and their functions in protein folding have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, which are characterized by accumulation of protein aggregates (e.g., alpha-synuclein and huntingtin, respectively). These aggregates have been shown in various experimental systems to respond to changes in levels of molecular chaperones suggesting the possibility of therapeutic intervention and a role for chaperones in disease pathogenesis. It remains unclear whether chaperones also play a role in Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by beta-amyloid and tau protein aggregates. Here, we report an inverse relationship between aggregated tau and the levels of heat shock protein (Hsp)7090 in tau transgenic mouse and Alzheimer's disease brains. In various cellular models, increased levels of Hsp70 and Hsp90 promote tau solubility and tau binding to microtubules, reduce insoluble tau and cause reduced tau phosphorylation. Conversely, lowered levels of Hsp70 and Hsp90 result in the opposite effects. We have also demonstrated a direct association of the chaperones with tau proteins. Our results suggest that up-regulation of molecular chaperones may suppress formation of neurofibrillary tangles by partitioning tau into a productive folding pathway and thereby preventing tau aggregation. |
