You are badly confused. Look up Heat Transfer in Wikipedia and notice the discussion about the 2'nd Law of ?? (Hint Thermodynamics).
But the second law only states that heat cannot go from a cold to hot body without the addition of heat, it does not tell you how to determine how much heat is transfered. That is why they are taught as two seperate course, or sometimes combined into one course and called Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer.
Thermodynamics is the totality of all human understanding (scientific that is) relating to heat.
No it does not cover all forms of heat, it doesn't cover heat transfer, other than the brief touching of the first law which you incorrectly stated.
When heat flows from one body to another, the energy, volume, pressure, and temperature of the respective bodies change,
This is where you are confused. Thermodynamics will show how much these things change, but it will not show how much heat is trasfered from one body to another. If you know how much heat is inputed or taken from the system you can tell the pressure, volume, and work, but it stops there. If you don't know how much heat is added then you may have to use heat tranfer equations to find out, these are not part of thermodynamics.
PS: Heat is energy.
Yes, and thermodynamics is all about the conversion of that energy to pressure, volume, or work. And a few other topics, but not heat transfer.
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