Vertroleum Info:
Vertroleum™!
USSEC Bio-Crude Oil.
The only Biocrude Oil that contains less than 1% water content. The only pyrolysis oil that mixes with petroleum oils. Named Vertroleum™ it can be refined into 68 different products. All these claims can be verified by contacting:
www.amspecllc.com
www.ussec.us
www.sstp.us
www.jhrivera.com
First lets go over the facts. USSE"s biocrude oil (Vertroleum™) contains the same hydrocarbons as petroleum crude oil. Vertroleum™ is a mixture of hydrocarbons C-5 Pentane to C-20 Eicosane, when put through the same distillation process used by petroleum companies you can produce Gasoline, Oils, Kerosene, Jet Fuel, Diesel Fuel, Heating Fuel, Plastics.
Now lets go over the Summit Environmental Technologies Laboratory Reports on Vertroleum™:
ALKANES
Parameter Vertroleum Cut #1 Results %
C-1 to C-4 <0.01
C-5 Pentane 0.09
C-6 Hexane 0.48
C-7 Heptane 2.96
C-8 Octane 8.84
C-9 Nonane 8.42
C-10 Decane 15.66
C-11 Undecane 8.55
C-12 Dodecane 4.87
C-13 Tridecane 3.07
C-14 Tetradecane 2.06
C-15 Pentadecane 1.11
C-16 Hexadecane 2.41
C-17 Heptadecane 3.39
C-18 Octadecane 15.09
C-19 Nonadecane 22.79
C-20 Eicosane 0.21
Parameter Vertroleum Cut #2 Results %
C-1 to C-4 Methane to Butane <0.01
C-5 Pentane 0.14
C-6 Hexane 0.79
C-7 Heptane 1.78
C-8 Octane 24.31
C-9 Nonane 27.02
C-10 Decane 21.00
C-11 Undecane 18.78
C-12 Dodecane 4.06
C-13 Tridecane 1.49
C-14 Tetradecane 0.52
C-15 Pentadecane 0.11
Hydrocarbons contain a lot of energy. Many of the things derived from crude oil (biocrude) like gasoline, diesel fuel, paraffin wax and so on take advantage of this energy.
Hydrocarbons can take many different forms. The smallest hydrocarbon is methane, which is a gas that is lighter than air. Longer chains are solids like wax or tar. By chemically cross-linking hydrocarbon chains you can get everything from synthetic rubber to nylon to the plastic in tupperware. Hydrocarbon chains are very versatile.
Approximate molecular size of crude oil fractions:
Fraction No. carbons
Gases 1-4
Light Naphtha 5-7
Heavy Naphtha 6-10
Kerosene 10-15
Light Gas Oil 16-40
Residuum >40
The oil refining process starts with a fractional distillation column.
Different hydrocarbon chain lengths all have progressively higher boiling points, so they can be separated by distillation.
A fractional distillation tower will heat, vaporize, then condense into different products. After distillation the products may go through cracking, unification, and alteration technique.
Cracking - takes large hydrocarbons and breaks them into smaller ones.
Unification - combining smaller pieces to make larger ones.
Alteration - rearranging various pieces to make desired hydrocarbons.
After the fractions have been treated, they are cooled and then blended together to make various products such as:
* Gasoline
* Oils
* Kerosene
* Jet Fuel
* Diesel Fuel
* Heating Oil
* Plastics
* Tars
An Oil Refinery is a combination of all these units.
Crude Oil, Vertroleum Products:
Gas - used for heating, cooking, making plastics.
* small alkanes
* commonly known by the names methane, ethane, propane, butane
* boiling range = less than 104 degrees Fahrenheit/40 degrees Celsius
* often liquified under pressure
Naphtha or Ligroin - intermediate that will be further processed into gasoline.
* mix of 5 to 9 carbon atom alkanes
* boiling range = 140 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit/60 to 100 degrees Celsius
Gasoline - motor fuel
* liquid
* mix of alkanes and cycloalkanes (5 to 12 carbon atoms)
* boiling range = 104 to 401 degrees Fahrenheit/40 to 205 degrees Celsius
Kerosene - fuel for jet engines and tractors, starting material for making other products.
* liquid
* mix of alkanes (10 to 18 carbons)
* boiling range = 350 to 617 degrees Fahrenheit/175 to 325 degrees Celsius
Gas oil / Diesel distillate - used for diesel fuel / heating oil, material for other products.
* liquid
* alkanes containing 12 or more carbon atoms
* boiling range = 482 to 662 degrees Fahrenheit/250 to 350 degrees Celsius
Lubricating oil - used for motor oil, grease, other lubricants.
* liquid
* long chain (20 to 50 carbon atoms) alkanes, cycloalkanes
* boiling range = 572 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit/300 to 370 degrees Celsius
Heavy gas / Fuel oil - used for industrial fuel, starting material for other products.
* liquid
* long chain (20 to 70 carbon atoms) alkanes, cycloalkanes
* boiling range = 700 to 1112 degrees Fahrenheit/370 to 600 degrees Celsius
Residuals - coke, asphalt, tar, waxes, starting material for making other products.
* solid
* multiple-ringed compounds with 70 or more carbon atoms
* boiling range = greater than 1112 degrees Fahrenheit/600 degrees Celsius
What is gasoline?
Gasoline is known as an aliphatic hydrocarbon. Gasoline is made up of molecules composed of nothing but hydrogen and carbon arranged in chains. Gasoline molecules have from seven to 11 carbons in each chain. Common Gasoline contains:
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
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