Mystery of Mining in Canada, Continued.
1869
• Transfer of Rupert’s Land from the Hudson’s Bay Company to the Dominion of Canada.
• Discovery of gold in the Yukon River, Yukon.
• Discovery of gold, Fifteen Mile Stream area, Nova Scotia.
• Production of salt, Seaforth, Ontario.
• Production begins, St. Francis Forges, near Drummondville, Quebec.
Marcos take note --> • General Mining Act.
• Construction of the first blast furnace in the St. Francis Valley, Quebec, by St. Francis River Mining Company.
• First discovery of molybdenum and tungsten, Burnt Hill Brook, New Brunswick.
• Construction of a blast furnace beside the Rivière aux Vaches, Yamaska County, Quebec (operated until 1880).
• Discovery of Burnt Hill tungsten deposit, Fredericton area, New Brunswick. It was mined in World War I and in the late 1950s.
• Discovery of two gold veins at Heron Bay, near Marathon, Ontario.
• Timothy Eaton opens his store, Yonge Street, Ontario.
• Opening of Lorway Colliery, Reserve Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (a small quantity was mined in 1869; the colliery closed in 1872, the next year of production).
• Closing of Matheson Colliery, Little Bras d’Or Bridge, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery opened in 1865).
How come they dropped it department -->
• Discovery of gold near Heron Bay, Lake Superior, Ontario. A further discovery, near Hemlo, was made in 1944. The area was re-staked in 1979 and the "Hemlo Camp" came into being.
1870
• Coal mining begins, Lethbridge, Alberta.
• First shipment of apatite in Canada, North Burgess Township, Ontario.
• Establishment of Mining Engineering program, McGill University, Montréal.
• Construction of first steel mill in Nova Scotia, Londonderry. It was demolished in 1877.
• Report of copper ores at Chibougamau, Quebec.
• Opening of the Deloro Gold mine, Deloro, Ontario.
• Mining of graphite begins in Ontario, Port Elmsley, Lanark County.
• Province of Manitoba enters Confederation.
• Sale of Lake Superior mining lands, including Silver Islet, by Montreal Mining Company.
• Opening of North Coldstream copper-gold-silver mine, Burchell Lake, Ontario. The mine closed in 1967.
1871
• Mining of apatite begins in Lièvre River district, Quebec.
• Huronian (Jackfish, Moss) mine orebody discovered, Moss Township, northwestern Ontario.
• First staking of claims for silver ores, Eureka Mountain, Hope, British Columbia.
• First recorded production of soapstone in Quebec, Bolton Township, Brome County.
• Creation of Dominion Lands Survey Branch, Ottawa, Ontario.
• First discovery of gold in northwestern Ontario, later the Huronian mine orebody, south of Lake Shebandowan.
• Opening of Reserve Colliery, Reserve Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1892).
• Completion of New Brunswick Land and Railway Company liner from the Nashwaak River to Edmunston.
1872
• Opening of the Crown mine (later the Eustis), Eastern Townships, Quebec.
• Opening of the Bristol mine, Bristol, Pontiac County, Quebec.
• Operations begin, Springhill and Parrsboro Coal Company, Springhill, Nova Scotia.
• Discovery of the Haycock mine orebody, Hull, Quebec.
• Early hydrometallurgical process, the Henderson process, used to treat copper ores by roast leachprecipitation,
Huntingdon mine, Eastern Townships, Quebec. Was used earlier at Bruce Mines, but the date is uncertain.
• Use of Burleigh piston-type rock drills at the Silver Islet mine, Thunder Bay area, Ontario.
• Use of the Forbes Quartz Crusher at the Dean and Williams gold mine, Marmora, Ontario.
• Development of the Frue vanner at the Silver Islet mine, Thunder Bay area, Ontario.
• Opening of Emery Colliery, Reserve, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1878).
• Opening of Schooner Pond Colliery, Port Morien, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in
1874).
• Opening of Northern/Scotia Colliery, Maccan, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery
closed in 1936).
1873
• First use of the diamond drill in Canada, Silver Islet, Ontario.
• Fire at Westville Coal mine, Nova Scotia.
• Explosions, Drummond Colliery, Intercolonial Company, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (60 dead). The greatest disaster in any mine in North America up to that time.
• Staking of placer gold claims, Dease Lake, British Columbia.
• Canadian Titanic Iron Company builds two blast furnaces at St-Urbain, Charlevoix County, Quebec,
to process titaniferous magnetite ores.
• Opening up of Omineca placer mining area, British Columbia.
• Silver Islet Company sinks shaft on gold prospect at Heron Bay, Ontario. The prospect was abandoned.
• Operation of Haycock iron mine narrow gauge railway, Hull, Quebec.
• Opening of Springhill No. 1 Colliery, Springhill, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1879, re-opened in 1934, and closed again in 1970).
• Use of special diamond drills, developed by Holt and Severance, at Spring Hill Collieries, Nova Scotia.
• Patent for explosives granted to C.W. Vollney, Brockville, Ontario.
1874
• Mining of asbestos begins, Thetford Mines, Quebec.
• Opening of colliery, Lethbridge, Alberta.
• Closing of Schooner Pond Colliery, Port Morien, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1872).
• Closing of Black Rock Colliery, Boularderie Island, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery opened in 1867).
1875
• First recorded mining of coal on northeastern Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories.
• Hunt-Douglas process for leaching oxidized copper ores, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec.
• Opening of the Emerald apatite mine by Buckingham Mining Company.
• Blowing in of furnaces, Haycock iron mine, Hull, Quebec.
• Opening of Princess Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it operated for 100 years and closed in 1975).
• Opening of Port Hood Colliery, Port Hood, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1958).
1876
• Diamond drill used to explore salt deposits, Goderich, Ontario.
• Mining of manganese begins, Tennycape area, near Truro, Nova Scotia. It produced intermittently for the next three decades.
• Opening of the Johnson Asbestos Mining Company Mine, Thetford Mines, Quebec. This was the first mining of asbestos in the province.
• Production of antimony metal at Lake George, New Brunswick (it operated intermittently until 1916).
• Closing of Ingraham Colliery, Low Point, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery
opened in 1867).
• George W. Mowbray establishes an explosives plant at Kingston, Ontario.
1877
• Geological Survey of Canada recognized by Act of Parliament.
• Opening of Seaman Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed the same year).
• Opening of sulphuric acid plant, Capelton, Eastern Townships, Quebec. The chemical complex was destroyed by fire in 1924 and was never rebuilt. It was the largest producer of chemical products in the British Empire and one of the largest in the world.
1878
• Mining of copper begins at Princeton, British Columbia.
• Discovery of gold on Hay Island, Rat Portage, Lake of the Woods area, Ontario.
• Orford Nickel and Copper Company established to mine a nickel deposit, Orford Township, Quebec (venture failed).
• Closing of Emery Colliery, Reserve, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery opened in 1872).
• Closing of Collins Colliery, Little Bras d’Or Bridge, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1863).
• Closing of Nova Scotia Colliery, Middle River of Pictou, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1867).
• First mining of asbestos in Quebec by Andrew Johnston.
1879
• First report of coal fields in Peace River district, British Columbia.
• Discovery of the Keymet sulphide deposit, Bathurst area, New Brunswick. This was the site of the first significant base-metal mine in the province.
• Closing of Springhill No. 1 Colliery, Springhill, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1873, re-opened in 1934, and closed again in 1970).
• Exploration for lead and zinc at Elmtree, New Brunswick (the property was mined by Keymet during the 1950s).
• Opening of Crow’s Nest Pass coal fields, British Columbia.
Ca. 1880
• Discovery of copper-nickel-cobalt orebodies, St. Stephen area, New Brunswick. There were several
attempts to develop the three small deposits.
• Discovery of an immense deposit of iron near Atikokan, Ontario. Mining began in 1905.
1880
• Opening of the W.H. Jeffrey mine, Danville, Quebec.
• Canada’s first lead smelter, Frontenac mine, Kingston, Ontario.
• Blowing in of the "Grantham" blast furnace, St. Francis River Mining Company, Drummondville, Quebec.
• Hudson’s Bay Company lets contract to mine 300 tons of coal at Edmonton, Alberta.
• Opening of the Bell Asbestos, Ward & Ross, and Lucke & Mitchell mines, Thetford Mines, Quebec.
• Relocation of the Geological Survey of Canada from Montréal to Ottawa.
• Building of Imperial Oil refinery, London, Ontario.
• Discovery of Teahan mine base-metal orebody, Sussex area, New Brunswick. It produced for a few years.
• Discovery of limestone, Petit Rocher, north of Bathurst, New Brunswick. Continuous production began in 1930.
• Discovery of copper-nickel-cobalt deposit, St. Stephen area, New Brunswick (it was explored in the 1940s, 1950s and 1970s).
• Opening of Minudie Colliery, Minudie, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1916). Ca. 1881
• Discovery of the Sultana mine gold deposit, Lake of the Woods area, Ontario.
1881
• Building of the "St. Francis" furnace, Drummondville, Quebec.
• Canadian Iron and Steel Company experiments with the Duryee process to produce iron, Hochelaga (near Montréal), Quebec.
• Discovery of gold in the Kaladar area, Ontario.
• Discovery of asbestos at Asbestos, Quebec.
• Production of asbestos begins, Jeffrey pits, Danville, Quebec.
• Opening of the Hampden mine by King Bros., Thetford Mines, Quebec.
• Discovery of Zenith mine zinc orebody, Nipigon district, Ontario.
• Québec Technical Mines Branch formed as a division of the Crown Land Department.
• Discovery of Winnipeg Consolidated gold deposit, Lake of the Woods area, Ontario. Development began in 1892.
1882
• Messrs. Parry and Mills start to build a blast furnace, Burnt River, Haliburton County, Ontario. The uncompleted works were abandoned.
• Staking of the Bluebell deposit, Kootenay Lake, British Columbia.
• Discovery of nickel ore in constructing Canadian Pacific Railway, site of Murray mine (1889),
Sudbury, Ontario.
• Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada reports occurrence of copper near Nain, Labrador.
1883
• Opening of the Winnipeg Consolidated Mine, Big Stone Bay, Lake of the Woods, Ontario.
• Opening of Vancouver lead smelter, British Columbia. It operated for only a few hours before closing due to technical problems.
• Discovery of the McConnell orebody, Sudbury area, Ontario.
• Establishment of mines on Kootenay Lake and the Kootenay River, British Columbia.
• First mining of copper, Cox Heath, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.
• Completion of Canadian Pacific Railway through Rat Portage, Lake of the Woods District, Ontario.
• Construction of a 10-stamp mill, Huronian mine, Lake of the Woods area, Ontario.
• Opening of Milner Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1935).
• Discovery of Murray mine copper-nickel deposit, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Imperial Oil moves refinery to Petrolia, Ontario, after the first refinery, at London, was struck by lightning.
1884
• Introduction of the Eaton’s catalogue, which brought access to merchandise to all Canadians.
• Discovery of Worthington mine orebody, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Discovery of the Frood orebody, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Abandonment of the Silver Islet mine, Thunder Bay, Ontario.
• Working of the Pine Portage mine, Pine Portage Bay, Lake of the Woods, Ontario.
• Production of antimony begins, West Gore, Nova Scotia. Continued until 1917.
• North Star phosphate mine, Portland East Township, Quebec, becomes the first mine in the area to use compressed air.
• Working of the Kingdon lead mine, Carleton County, Ontario.
• Discovery of copper-nickel ore, Snyder Township, Ontario.
• Opening of Bridgeport Colliery, Bridgeport, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1892).
• Opening of Barasois Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1886).
• Invention of the Frasch process to remove sulphur from kerosene.
1885
• Discoveries of the Creighton, Copper Cliff and Stobie orebodies, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
• Port Colborne Gas, Light and Fuel Company bores for natural gas at Port Colborne, Ontario, the first
such boring in Canada.
• Staking of Granite Creek placer deposits, British Columbia.
• Discovery of copper, Stirling, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.
• Last spike ceremony, Canadian Pacific Railway, Craigellachie, British Columbia.
• Opening of Franklin Colliery, Bras d’Or, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1957).
• North-West Rebellion in Manitoba.
• Organization of Canadian Copper Company.
• Staking of Cayoosh Creek placer deposits, British Columbia.
1886
• Mining begins, McKellar Island barite deposit, Thunder Bay area, Ontario. It continued until 1894.
• Invention of the Hall-Héroult process for electrolytic reduction of aluminum. This laid the foundation for the industry.
• Start-up of smelter, Canadian Smelter Works, Trail, British Columbia.
• Copper Cliff, Stobie and Evans mines in operation, Sudbury.
• Mining of mica and feldspar, Baie-Johan-Beetz, Quebec.
• Opening of Copper Cliff North mine, Copper Cliff, Ontario.
• Discovery of silver, Silver King mine, Nelson, British Columbia.
• Development begins, Wright mine, Lake Timiskaming, Quebec. The mine operated from 1890 to 1920.
• Opening of colliery, Canmore, Alberta.
• Driving of adit, South Ham antimony mine, Eastern Townships, Quebec.
• Incorporation of Canadian Copper Company.
• Report of abundance of iron ore between Nativity Lake and Menihek River, Labrador Peninsula.
• Staking, Boundary Creek area, British Columbia.
• First records of production of mica in Ontario and Quebec.
• Founding of Wire Rope Industries, Montréal, Quebec.
• Closing of the Winnipeg Consolidated mine, Lake of the Woods area, Ontario.
• Closing of Barasois Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery opened in 1884).
• Closing of Lingan Colliery, New Waterford, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1863 and was re-opened in 1972).
• Completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the Pacific Ocean.
• First shipments of coal from Lethbridge area, Alberta.
• First complete statistical returns issued by the Geological Survey of Canada.
• Collection and dissemination of mining statistics begins in the predecessor to the federal Department
of Mines. The responsibility was transferred to the Dominion Bureau of Statistics in 1920, and returned to Energy, Mines and Resources Canada on January 1, 1979.
1887
• Senate committee report on Athabaska oil sands, Alberta.
• Discovery of the outcrop of the Falconbridge deposit, Falconbridge, Ontario.
• Mining of calcite veins for lime production, Tadoussac, Quebec.
• Discovery of a rich gold vein, became Number 2 shaft, Vermilion mine, Denison Township, Ontario.
• R.W. MacArthur and Wm. Forest discover cyanide process for extraction of gold, Glasgow, Scotland.
• Founding of the Gold Miners Club of Nova Scotia, Halifax.
• Opening of Mabou Colliery, Mabou, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1951).
• Opening of Broad Cove Colliery, Inverness, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1905).
• Opening of East River Colliery, East River, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1892).
1888
• Reorganization of the Gold Miners Club of Nova Scotia into the Gold Miners Association of Nova Scotia, Halifax.
• Incorporation of New Glasgow Iron, Coal and Railway Company to exploit iron deposits near Bridgeville, Nova Scotia. This was the foundation of the Sydney Steel Works.
• Boring of a gas well, Lot 7, 1st Concession of Gosfield Township, Ontario Natural Gas Company, Kingsville, Ontario.
• Building and blowing in of smelter at Copper Cliff, Ontario, by Canadian Copper Company. This is the oldest smelter still operating.
• First milling of asbestos in Quebec, Scottish Canadian Asbestos Company.
• Discovery of coal near Banff, Alberta.
• Beginning of coal mining, Canmore, Alberta.
• Discovery of natural gas, Essex County, Ontario.
• Opening of Monarch mine, Field, British Columbia.
• Closing of Blockhouse Colliery, Port Morien, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1868).
• Opening of Black Diamond Colliery, Westville, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1891).
• Electrification of Sherbrooke, Eastern Townships, Quebec.
1889
• Construction of blast furnace, Ferrona, Nova Scotia. It operated until 1904, when it was replaced by
new works at North Sydney.
• Discovery of gold-copper at Rossland and lead-zinc at Kimberley, British Columbia.
• First operation at the Bluebell mine, Kootenay Lake, British Columbia.
• Discovery of the outcrop, Levack deposit, Levack, Ontario.
• Production begins at the Moulton Hill pyrite mine, Lennoxville, Quebec (until 1895).
• Lily May orebody staked, Trail Creek, Rossland, British Columbia. This marked the beginning of the Rossland camp.
• First well of Provincial Natural Gas Company, Welland, Ontario.
• Operation of ochre drying and calcining plant (until 1889) at mouth of Petite Romaine River, Quebec.
• North American Chemical, Mining and Manufacturing Company formed to produce Portland cement, Owen Sound, Ontario.
• Discovery of the Ophir Gold mine orebody, Lake Ickta, Thessalon area, Ontario.
• Operation of the Eustis, Albert, Harvey-Hill, Hartford, Huntingdon, Memphremagog, Moulton Hill,
Howard, and Cillies mines (copper), Eastern Townships, Quebec.
• H.H. Vivian and Company, Swansea, Wales, begins mining of the Murray mine in the Sudbury area.
• Discovery of Leamington gas field, Ontario.
• James Riley, Glasgow, Scotland, discovers the effects of adding nickel to steel.
• Opening of Copper Cliff South mine, Copper Cliff, Ontario.
• Opening of the Frood copper-nickel mine, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Resolution of the boundary dispute between Manitoba and Ontario.
1890
• Discovery of fluorite, Madoc, Ontario.
• Staking of the Centre Star, War Eagle, Idaho, Virginia and Le Wise (later Le Roi) deposits, Rossland, British Columbia.
• Mining begins of stibnite deposits at Mortons Harbour, New World Island, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland (mined until 1916).
• Staking of Giant Mascot silver-lead-zinc deposit, Spillimacheen, British Columbia.
• Development of lead mine, Lake Temiscamingue, Quebec.
• Discovery of gold, Falcon Lake, Manitoba.
• MacRay phosphate mine, Templeton Township, Quebec, becomes the first mine in the province to
use electricity for motive power. It was “used for boring and extracting, etc.”
• Production of Bessemer matte, H.H. Vivian & Company, Murray mine, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Production of oil (6 barrels per day) from wells bored by Hiram Walker, Walkerville, Ontario (Kingsville field).
• Patenting of the Ophir mine claims (adjacent to the Sultana), Rat Portage area, Lake of the Woods mining district, Ontario.
• Discovery of the Sheppard mine (later the Beatrice mine) orebody, Blezard Township, Ontario.
• First mining of coal, Vaden mine, Turtle Mountain field, Manitoba.
• Blowing in of smelter, Murray mine, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Use of Krause steam-powered stamp mills at the Badger silver mine, Ontario.
• Exploration for iron and copper at Millstream, New Brunswick.
1891
• Operations begin at the Cordova gold mine, Marmora, Ontario.
• Blowing in of copper smelter, Golden, British Columbia. It operated briefly.
• Discovery of the outcrop, Cryderman (later Garson) mine, Garson, Ontario.
• Establishment of Ontario Bureau of Mines.
• Orford process for smelting nickel put into practice by Orford Copper and Sulphur Company, Constable Hook, New Jersey, United States.
• Bessemer converting plant added to Copper Cliff smelter, Canadian Copper Company, Copper Cliff,
Ontario.
• Opening of lead smelter, Revelstoke, British Columbia (until 1892). This was the first successful lead smelter in Canada.
• First shipments of ore from Rossland, British Columbia, to Colorado Smelting Works, Butte, Montana.
• Development of the Creighton and Gordon Lake gold mines, Vermilion River, Ontario.
• Sinking of shaft, Worthington mine, Sudbury area, Ontario.
• Report of nickel on farm of G.S. McFarlane, near Ottawa, Ontario.
• Origin of Portland cement manufacture in Ontario at Marbank, Hastings County, and at Shallo Lake, Grey County.
• U.S. navy conducts successful tests of using nickel-steel for armour plate.
• Mining of manganese begins, New Ross, Nova Scotia.
• Organization of the General Mining Association of the Province of Quebec, Montréal.
• First use of portable electric-powered machinery in a Nova Scotia gold mine.
• February 21 explosion at Number 3 mine, Springhill, Nova Scotia, kills 125 men and boys.
• Development begins at the El Diver gold mine, Lake of the Woods area, Ontario.
• Opening of Rankin Colliery, Inverness, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1892).
• Closing of Black Diamond Colliery, Westville, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1888).
• Organization of Ontario Bureau of Mines.
1892
• Development begins at the Sultana mine, the largest gold producer in northwestern Ontario, Lake of the Woods, Ontario.
• Mining Society of Nova Scotia formed as a reorganization of the Gold Miners Association of Nova Scotia.
• New Mines Act.
• Discovery of iron ore deposits, Labrador.
• First shipment of ore, Freddy Lee mine, Cody Creek, Slocan, British Columbia.
• Staking of the Hamlet and other claims, Sullivan lead-zinc deposit, Kimberley, British Columbia.
This marked the beginning of the Sullivan camp.
• Dr. Ludwig Mond develops the Mond process for separating copper and nickel.
• Col. R.M. Thompson develops the Orford process for separating copper and nickel.
• Establishment of the Kingston School of Mining and Agriculture, Queen’s University, Kingston.
• Discovery of gold veins about 50 miles west of Port Arthur, Ontario.
• Blowing in of a new blast furnace, Radnor Forges, Canada Iron Furnace Company, Quebec.
• Pictou Charcoal Iron Company blows in blast furnace, Bridgeville, Nova Scotia. It closed in 1895.
• Mining of iron ore begins, Torbrook, Nova Scotia. It closed in 1896.
• Closing of Bridgeport Colliery, Bridgeport, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery
opened in 1884).
• Closing of Glace Bay Colliery, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1863).
• Closing of Clyde/Ontario Colliery, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia (this small colliery opened in 1863).
• Closing of Caledonia Colliery, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1864).
• Closing of International Colliery, Bridgeport, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1863).
• Closing of Gowrie Colliery, Port Morien, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1863).
• Closing of Reserve Colliery, Reserve Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1871).
• Closing of Gardiner Colliery, New Waterford, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1868).
• Patent issued to Rudolph Diesel for the engine that bears his name.
1893
• Discovery of an important deposit of bog iron ore, Lac des Sables, Laurentides, Quebec.
• Formation of Dominion Steel and Coal Company (Dosco) to consolidate operations in Glace Bay-New Waterford districts, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia.
• Staking of the St. Eugene lead-zinc deposit, Moyie Lake, East Kootenay, British Columbia.
• Welland becomes first city in Ontario to be served with natural gas.
• Discovery of zinc-lead-silver-gold deposit on an island in the Ottawa River, near Pembroke, Ontario. Later mined by New Calumet Mines Ltd.
• Hamilton Iron and Steel Company begins construction of a blast furnace at a site beside Burlington Bay.
• Development of salt works at Windsor, Ontario, by CPR.
• Opening of native copper veins, Point Mamaise, Lake Superior, Ontario.
• Opening of Kneehills coal mines, Alberta.
• Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company purchases Bell Island iron deposits and develops Wabana mine, Newfoundland.
• First Canadian application of cyanide leaching, Brookfield mine, Nova Scotia.
• Construction of a mill and cyanide plant at the Sultana mine, Lake of the Woods District, Ontario.
• Opening of Dominion Colliery, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1922).
• Closing of Victoria Colliery, New Waterford, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1867).
• First generation of power at Niagara Falls, Ontario. The 2200-kW plant, above the Horseshoe Falls, was used to power an electric railway between Chippawa and Queenston.
• Discovery of Mikado mine deposit, Lake of the Woods district, Ontario.
1894
• Opening of the McGown mine, Foley, Ontario.
• Discovery of the Hillier (Lucky Coon) veins between Shoal Lake and Vermilion Lake, Ontario.
• Construction of the Pilot Bay smelter to treat silver-lead-zinc ores from the Slocan and Ainsworth mines, British Columbia.
• Organization of the Ontario Mining Institute, Toronto.
• Closing of Bristol iron mine, Shawville, Pontiac County, Quebec. The mine opened in 1872 and was re-opened in 1956 by Hilton Mines; it closed in 1976.
1895
• Organization of the British Columbia Association of Mining Engineers.
• A.P. Low shows presence of major iron ore deposits, Knob Lake, Quebec.
• Mining at Stirling mine, zinc-lead-copper, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.
• Mining begins, Wabana mine, Bell Island, Conception Bay, Newfoundland.
• Kootenay Mining and Smelting completes lead smelter, Pilot Bay, Kootenay Lake, British Columbia.
• Opening of lead smelter, Nelson, British Columbia.
• Bras d’Or Marble Company begins mining, Marble Mountain, Nova Scotia. It operated until 1920.
• First shipment from Sullivan mine, Kimberley, British Columbia.
• Discovery of gold, Shoal Lake, Ontario (close to Manitoba border).
• Development of the Foley mine, lower Seine River, Rainy Lake district, Ontario. This led to the opening of another area for gold.
• Dominion Gold Mining and Reduction Company Limited incorporated in Canada (incorporated Great Britain 1862) and acquires Gold Hill, Black Jack, Homestake, Sultana Junior, and interest in Queen of Sheba locations, Rat Portage area, Lake of the Woods, Ontario.
• Mining begins at Regina Gold mine (formerly the Rajah mine), Rat Portage, Ontario.
• Development of Gold Mountain mine, Lake of the Woods, Ontario.
• Report of rich silver veins at Pays Plat, Nipigon Bay, Ontario.
• Blowing in of the blast furnace, Hamilton, Ontario.
• Closing of the Moulton Hill copper mine, Lennoxville, Quebec. It re-opened many years later.
• Development of the Mikado mine, Lake of the Woods District, Ontario.
• Beginning of gold boom in northwestern Ontario. It ended about 1902.
• First claim for gold staked in the Klondike, at Gold Bottom.
• Opening of North Sydney/Indian Cove Colliery, North Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1919).
• Opening of Strathcona Mines Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1947).
1896
• Blowing out of the blast furnace, Londonderry, Nova Scotia.
• "The iron industry of Ontario awakes from a deep sleep".
• Blowing in of the blast furnace, Hamilton Iron and Steel Company.
• First production of blister copper, Hall Mines smelter, Nelson, British Columbia (copper smelting ceased 1902, lead smelting until closure in 1907).
• Staking of Discovery Claims, Bonanza (Rabbit) Creek, Klondike, Yukon.
• Klondike gold rush, Yukon.
• Mining of iron ceases and last blast furnace shut down, Londonderry, Nova Scotia.
• Opening of the Deloro mine, Deloro, Ontario.
• Sulman-Teed bromo-cyanide leaching process used to treat arsenical gold ores, Canadian Goldfields
Limited, Deloro, Hastings, Ontario (modernized 1906 and operated until 1961 as Deloro Mining and
Reduction Co., and later Deloro Smelting and Refining).
• Opening of the Henderson talc mine, Madoc, Ontario. Still in operation in 1997 as the Henderson and Conley mine.
• Report on the discovery of corundum at Carlow, Hastings County, Ontario.
• Formation of Cominco Limited.
• Production of salt, Dauphin Lake district, Manitoba.
• Introduction of iron ore bounties.
• Discovery of Black Donald graphite orebody, Renfrew County, Ontario. The mine began production in 1897.
• Opening of Hall mines smelter, Nelson, British Columbia.
• Staking of the Iron Mask deposit, Kamloops, British Columbia.
• Trail smelter, of British Columbia Smelting and Refining Company, begins smelting ores from Rossland.
• Formation of the Federated Canadian Mining Institute by the affiliation of all provincial groups.
• Opening of Greener Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1963).
• Completion of the Canada Atlantic Railway across central Ontario from the Ottawa Valley to Depot Harbour, near Parry Sound.
1897
• Mining of coal begins, Crowsnest Pass, British Columbia.
• Discovery of iron ore (Helen mine) at Wawa, Ontario.
• Pouring of the first gold bar in Canada, Trail Landing, British Columbia.
• Staking of the Lorne claims (later Bralorne), Cadwaller Creek, British Columbia.
• Production of lead begins, Northern Inverness district, Nova Scotia.
• Discovery of the Pioneer orebody, Bralorne, British Columbia.
• Staking of the Helen, Josephine, Ruth and Lucy orebodies, Wawa, Ontario.
• The Geological Survey of Canada reports on the possibility of iron ore deposits being located under Steep Rock Lake, Ontario.
• First staking of claims for gold, McKenzie Island, Red Lake, Ontario.
• Cyanide leaching plant for gold, Regina mine, Lake of the Woods, Ontario.
• Imperial Oil takes over Bushnell Refinery Company, Sarnia, Ontario.
• Development of the Sawbill and Hammond Gold Reef mines, Upper Seine River, Ontario.
• George Leyner, of Colorado, introduces hollow drill steel for water flushing – perhaps the greatest advance in the history of rock drilling.
• Discovery of hematite-magnetite, Austin Brook, New Brunswick. It was mined from 1910 to 1913, and in 1943. It was the first massive sulphide deposit discovered in the Bathurst area.
• Opening of Jubilee Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1951).
• Discovery of iron on Nepisiguit River, above Grand Falls. The deposits were mined from 1910 to 1913 and from 1942 to 1943.
• First working diesel engine.
1898
• Discovery of Helen mine iron ore deposit, Wawa, Ontario.
• Cyanide leaching plant, Doratha Morton mine, British Columbia.
• Establishment of Quebec Department of Colonization and Mines.
• Mining of coal begins at Princeton, British Columbia.
• Mining of barite, Ironside, Hull County, Quebec. Continued until 1900.
• Staking of the Britannia orebody, Howe Sound, British Columbia.
• Discovery of gold, Atlin area, Britsh Columbia.
• Formation of the Canadian Mining Institute at the second meeting of the Federated Canadian Mining Institute, which then dissolved, Montréal, Quebec. The Mining Society of Nova Scotia remained a separate body.
• Operations begin, Doratha Morton gold mine and mill, Fanny Bay, British Columbia. It operated for one year.
• Opening of colliery at Michel, British Columbia.
• Staking of Pioneer mine claims, Cadwaller Creek, British Columbia.
• Service begins, Intercolonial Railway, Halifax to Montréal.
• Staking of Pine Point lead-zinc near the south shore of Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories. The deposit was staked after a group of prospectors, headed towards the Klondike, discovered that the local Dene were using fishing weight and musket balls made from a local source of metal.
• Opening of Beaverdell silver mine, Beaverdell, British Columbia. The mine was acquired by Teck
Cominco in 1969 and closed in 1991.
1899
• Discovery of lead-zinc ore, Pine Point, Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories.
• Canadian Smelting Works begins to smelt lead, Trail, British Columbia.
• Algoma Steel Corporation opens the Helen mine, Wawa, Ontario.
• Blowing in of the Van Anda copper smelter, Texada Island, British Columbia.
• Blowing in of blast furnace, Deseronto Iron Company, Deseronto, Ontario.
• Development of new mines, Rock Lake, 10 miles north of Bruce Mines, Ontario.
• Re-opening of three silver mines (closed in 1893) southwest of Port Arthur, Ontario.
• Canada Iron Furnace Company constructs blast furnace, Midland, Georgian Bay, Ontario.
• Incorporation of Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company, British Columbia.
• Operation of the Zenith zinc mine, Big Duck Lake, Ontario (until 1901).
• First mention of the possibility of finding diamonds in Canada.
• New Brunswick Oilfields Company conducts exploration in the province (until 1906).
• Closing of the Regina mine, Lake of the Woods District, Ontario.
• Introduction of longwall method of coal mining, Drummond Colliery, Westville, Nova Scotia.
• Opening of the Soulanges Canal. It replaced the Beauharnois Canal.
• Staking of Sunset claim, Copper Mountain, British Columbia.
Ca. 1900
• Drilling of six wells in the Dover oil and gas field, St. Joseph area, New Brunswick.
• Production of copper ore, Annindale area, New Brunswick.
Pre-1900
• Opening of Goderich brine field, Goderich, Ontario. The field was explored by drilling in 1876.
1900
• Opening of Number 26 Colliery, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. It was closed in 1984.
• Earliest attempt for electrolytic refining of nickel, Hoepfner Refining Company, Hamilton, Ontario (closed 1902).
• Incorporation of the Mond Nickel Company Ltd., which had acquired the Cryderman (Garson) deposit.
• Start-up of Granby smelter, the first integrated smelter, Granby Mining and Smelting Company, Grand Forks, British Columbia (until 1919).
• Discovery of magnesite, Kilmar, Quebec.
• Opening of corundum mines, Raglan Township, Renfrew County, Ontario.
• First Canadian ore boat (“Theano,” Algoma Central Steamship Lines) to discharge Canadian iron ore at a Canadian port, Midland, Ontario.
• Stripping for an open pit begins, Creighton mine, Lively, Ontario.
• Incorporation of Mond Nickel Company.
• Year of peak production from the Klondike, Yukon.
• Acquisition of Sydney coal mines by Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company.
• Discovery of Bonanza mine orebody, Observatory Inlet, British Columbia.
• Production begins, Helen mine, Wawa, Ontario.
• Firing of first furnace, steel plant, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia.
• Blowing in of smelter at Greenwood Camp, British Columbia.
• Beginning of talc mining, Hastings County, Ontario.
1901
• Blowing in of smelter, Greenwood camp, British Columbia.
• Production begins, Victoria mine, Sudbury area, Ontario.
• Development of Elsie mine, adjoining old Murray mine, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Development of McArthur 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mines, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Staking of Hidden Creek copper deposit, Anyox, British Columbia.
• Thomas Edison acquires property in Falconbridge Township, conducts dip-needle survey, and commences sinking a shaft that is abandoned when quicksand is encountered. He fails to find the Falconbridge orebody.
• Establishment of Algoma Steel, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario; Dominion Iron and Steel, Sydney, Nova Scotia.
• Construction of plant begins, Algoma Steel Company Limited, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
• North American Aluminum Company opened aluminum smelter at Shawinigan, Quebec (now Alcan, operated until 1945).
• Start of production, Creighton mine, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Development of a magnetite mine by Canada Iron Furnace Company, Grattan Township, Renfrew County, Ontario.
• Development of Grace Gold mine, Michipicoten River, Ontario.
• First shipment of ore from the Creighton mine, Canadian Copper Company, Lively, Ontario.
• Exploration of Atikokan and Steep Rock Iron Ranges, Ontario.
• Draining of Boyer Lake and radical changes in mining methods at Helen mine, Wawa, Ontario.
• Increase of metallic content of mattes from 30% to 70% through Col. R.M. Thompson’s retreatment process at Copper Cliff, Ontario.
• First drilling of gas wells, Medicine Hat, Alberta.
• Start-up of Crofton, Boundary Falls and Tyee smelters, British Columbia.
• First shipments of concentrates to Tacoma, Washington, from Britannia mine, Howe Sound, British Columbia.
• Discovery of Hidden Creek mine orebody, Observatory Inlet, British Columbia.
• First development of gypsum deposits in Manitoba, Manitoba Union Mining Company, Portage Bay.
• Opening of the Coe iron mine, Eldorado, Ontario.
• Production begins, Dominion Iron and Steel Company, Sydney, Nova Scotia.
• Construction of cyanide leaching plant, Caribou district, Nova Scotia. It was moved that same year to
the Richardson Gold Mining Company at Issac’s Harbour.
• The first producing oil well in western Canada, Original Discovery Number 1, is completed at Oil City, Alberta. It produced until 1906. The site is now in Waterton Lakes National Park.
• Mining begins, Creighton nickel-copper mine, Lively, Ontario.
• Opening of Gowrie & Blockhouse Colliery, Port Morien, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1907).
• First drilling of wells for natural gas, Medicine Hat field, Alberta.
• First electric power transmission line between Canada and the United States, Niagara Falls.
1902
• Formation of the first branches of the Canadian Mining Institute at Sherbrooke, Quebec; Kingston, Ontario; and Nelson, British Columbia.
• First steel rails rolled in Canada, Sault Works, Algoma Steel Company, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
• World’s first production of electrolytic lead, Betts Process, Trail, British Columbia (Canadian rights
to an American process purchased by Canadian Smelting Works).
• Merger of Canadian Copper Company, Orford Copper Company and others to form International Nickel Company of New Jersey.
• Development of the Twentieth Century mine (gold), Upper Manitou Lake, Ontario.
• Construction of open-hearth, blast furnace, steel plant, and rolling mills by Cramp Steel Company Limited, Collingwood, Ontario.
• Development of the Scadding Township gold mine, Lake Wahnapitae, Ontario.
• Mining of copper-bearing sandstone, Sackville area, New Brunswick. It continued until the following year.
• Development of the Emily gold mine, Missanabie, Ontario.
• Development of A.L. 282 and Elizabeth mines on the Canadian Northern Railway, Ontario.
• First production of aluminum in Quebec, Northern Aluminum Company, Shawinigan, St. Maurice River.
• Development of the Copper Queen mine, north of Bruce Mines, Ontario.
• Helen mine becomes an underground mine, Wawa, Ontario.
• Introduction of electricity into the Black Donald graphite mine, Renfrew County, Ontario.
• Blowing in of Ladysmith smelter, Tyee Copper Company, Oyster Harbour, Vancouver Island. It closed in 1911.
• Opening of colliery at Morrisey, British Columbia.
• Opening of the Little Stobie nickel-copper mine, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Opening of the Creighton nickel-copper mine, Lively, Ontario.
• Mining begins, Collier Bay barite deposit, Newfoundland.
• Discovery of a huge body of iron ore by surveyors in Boston Township, Ontario. It was later
developed into the Adams mine, which opened in 1965.
• Construction of Marysville smelter, British Columbia.
• Opening of zinc-lead smelting complex, Trail, British Columbia.
1903
• The Coe iron mine becomes a copper mine on the discovery of a lower orebody.
• Discovery of silver and cobalt along the line of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario railway,
Coleman Township, Ontario.
• First production of gold, Nickel Plate mine, Hedley, British Columbia.
• Cyanidation plant for gold, Mic-Mac mine, Leipsigate, Nova Scotia. Using the MacArthur-Forrest
process, this was one of the first successful plants in Canada.
• Completion of lead-zinc smelter, Marysville, British Columbia.
• Development of Williams and Loon Lake iron mines near Port Arthur, Ontario.
• Development of the Massey Station copper mine, Massey, Ontario.
• Operations begin, Rising Sun mine, north of Bruce Mines, Ontario.
• Production begins, St. Anthony mine, Sturgeon Lake, Ontario.
• Mining begins, Hedley, British Columbia.
• First recorded production of natural gas in Alberta.
• Discovery of copper mineralization, Chibougamau, Quebec.
• Re-opening of mines and blast furnace, Londonderry, Nova Scotia. Closed in 1908.
• Canada’s first commercial zinc plant, Frank, Alberta (until 1905).
• First powered airplane flight, Wright brothers, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
• Operation of colliery by Colchester Coal and Railway Company, Debert-Kempton coalfield, Colchester County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1910).
• Opening of Fundy Mines Colliery, Joggins, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1934).
• Operation of short-lived coal mines in Debert-Kempton Coalfield, Nova Scotia (some collieries operated until 1936).
• Opening of Inverness Nos. 1 and 4 Collieries, Inverness, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (they closed in 1951).
• Settlement of the Alaska Boundary dispute.
• First flotation plant in Canada, using the Elmore oil process, Le Roi Number 2 Mine, Rossland, British Columbia.
• Staking of the J.B.I. claim, later the site of the McKinley-Darragh silver mine, the first claim at Cobalt, Ontario.
• Staking of the Nipissing and O’Brien properties, Cobalt, Ontario.
1904
• Blowing in of a second copper smelter, Golden, British Columbia. It was scrapped in 1937.
• Blowing in of the Kamloops copper smelter to treat ores from the Iron Mask mine, British Columbia.
• Trethewey, La Rose, McKinley-Darragh and Nipissing mines in operation, Cobalt, Ontario.
• Staking of the Coniagas deposit, Cobalt, Ontario.
• First flotation plant in Canada, Rossland, British Columbia.
• Development of Laurentian and Volcanic Reef mines, Lake Manitou, Ontario.
• Larose, Cobalt Hill, Little Silver, New Ontario, McKinley-Darragh mines begin production, Cobalt, Coleman Township, Ontario.
• Location of Coniagas and Tretheway deposits, Cobalt, Ontario.
• Opening of Lower Cove Colliery, Joggins, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1915).
• Discovery of Trethewey mine orebody, Cobalt, Ontario.
• Production begins, Britannia copper mine, Howe Sound, British Columbia. The mine closed in 1974.
1905
• Opening of the Bailey fluorite mine, Madoc, Ontario. It was the first of many in the area and the first fluorite mining in Ontario.
• Development of coal mines, Corbin, British Columbia. Six mines operated until the late 1930s. These
included Corbin Creek and Byron Creek.
• Discovery of lead-zinc ore, Buchans, Newfoundland.
• Original development of Bienfait Colliery, Bienfait, Saskatchewan.
• Discovery of copper, Gull Pond, Newfoundland.
• Mining begins, O’Brien and Buffalo mines, Cobalt, Ontario.
• Sixteen mines now shipping ore from the Cobalt camp, Ontario.
• Copper Mining and Smelting Company of Ontario, Limited, London, England, takes over old
properties at Bruce Mines.
• Prospecting in Chibougamau and Témiscamingue regions, Quebec.
• Equipping of Atikokan iron mine for production.
• Mining begins, Buffalo and O’Brien mines, Cobalt, Ontario.
• Tests on using cyanide to treat cobalt ores, School of Mining, Kingston, Ontario.
• Opening of steel works, North Sydney, Nova Scotia.
• Opening of the Crean Hill nickel-copper mine, Sudbury area, Ontario.
• Discovery of Pabineau Lake molybdenite deposit, New Brunswick (a small quantity was mined from 1932 to 1939).
• Closing of Broad Cove Colliery, Inverness, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1887).
• Discovery of molybdenum at Pabineau Lake, New Brunswick.
• Ontario Department of Crown Lands becomes Department of Lands, Forests and Mines.
1906
• Considerable development in East Broughton asbestos district, Quebec.
• Discovery of gold on the shores of Larder Lake, Ontario. Staking of the Kerr-Addison, Chesterville, Dr. Reddick, Larder Lake, Proprietary, Harris-Maxwell, and other deposits.
• Discovery of Silver King orebody, Galena Creek, Mayo, Yukon.
• Closing of the Sultana mine, Lake of the Woods district, Ontario.
• Building of copper smelter, Eldorado mine, Madoc area, Ontario.
• Incorporation of Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada.
• First copper smelter in eastern Ontario, Eldorado copper mine, Ontario.
• Ontario Mining Act passed.
• First electrical equipment used in Canadian mining, Creighton mine, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Modernization of the Canadian Goldfields plant to extract silver (from cobalt ores), Deloro, Ontario.
• Opening of the provincial mine by Ontario government, Cobalt, Ontario. Said to be the first government-operated mine in Canada, if not North America.
• Guggenheims, New York, withdraws from an option to purchase a large interest in the Nipissing silver mine. Heavy losses on the stock market.
• Discovery of silver-cobalt-nickel ores, Montréal River area, Ontario.
• Exploration of Moose Mountain and Burwash Lake iron ore deposits, Ontario.
• Discovery of Lake Fortune mine gold orebody, Fortune Lake, Quebec.
• Discovery of silver, Elk Lake, Ontario.
• Construction of the Medina smelter, Eldorado, Ontario. This was the first copper smelter in Eastern Ontario.
• Discovery of gold and staking of claims, Big Duck Lake, Schreiber, Ontario.
• Opening of Caledonia Number 1 gypsum mine, Caledonia, Ontario. Number 2 opened in 1952 and Number 3 in 1991.
• Discovery of the Jersey mine lead-zinc orebody, British Columbia.
• Discovery of gold at Swastika, Ontario, about 5 km west of Kirkland Lake.
• Installation of electrical mining equipment, Creighton mine, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Closing of Sultana mine, Lake of the Woods district, Ontario. It opened in either 1891 or 1892 (both were reported).
1907
• Blowing in of blast furnace, Atikokan Iron Company, Port Arthur, Ontario.
• Creation of federal Department of Mines and founding of a Mines Branch (now CANMET).
• Staking of the HB deposit, Sheep Creek, Salmo, British Columbia.
• First electric smelting plant for the production of pig iron, Welland, Ontario.
• Federal Department of the Interior conducts a magnetometer survey of iron deposits, Austin Brook,
New Brunswick (eight orebodies identified).
• Federal Department of the Interior conducts experiments in electric smelting, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
• Canadian Magnesite Company begins operations at Kilmar, Quebec.
• Smelter at Deloro, Ontario, produces silver and arsenic from cobalt ores.
• Opening of Garson mine, Garson, Ontario. It operated until 1986 and was re-opened in 1994.
• Discovery of silver at Gowganda, Ontario.
• Discovery of silver at South Lorraine, Ontario.
• Supplementary Revenue Act imposes taxes on mining profits in Ontario.
• Opening of Dominion Nos. 1/1A Collieries, Dominion, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (they closed in 1927).
• Closing of Gowrie & Blockhouse Colliery, Port Morien, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1901).
• Opening of North Atlantic Colliery, Port Morien, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1912).
• Opening of Sydney No. 2/Lloyd Cove Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1916).
• Opening of Colonial Colliery, North Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1958).
• Imperial Oil opens the first service station in Canada, in Vancouver.
• Discovery of iron-copper skarn, Ikeda Bay, Moresby Island, British Columbia.
• Creation of the Federal Department of Mines.
• Closing of Capelton and Albert copper mines, Eastern Townships, Quebec. The mines opened in 1863.
1908
• Staking rush to the Gowganda silver area.
• Discovery of silver at Miller and Everett lakes, Ontario, results in staking rushes to the area
• Zinc plant, electric furnace reduction, Nelson, Canadian Zinc Company, British Columbia (until 1913).
• First discovery of gold, Porcupine area, Ontario.
• Branch of the Royal Mint established at Ottawa.
• Canadian Copper Company places "Monel Metal" on the market.
• Discovery of the Alexo mine orebody by Canadian Copper Company, Dundonald Township, on the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway.
• Operation of gold mills at Harris-Maxwell, Larder Lake, Proprietary and Dr. Reddick properties, Larder Lake, Ontario.
• Opening of Dominion/Devco No. 12 Colliery, New Waterford, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1971).
• Opening of Sydney No. 1/Princess Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1975; the Princess Colliery was also reported to have opened in 1875).
• Opening of Sydney No. 3/Florence Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1961).
• Opening of Sydney No. 4/Scotia Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1921).
• Opening of Sydney No. 5/Queen Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1916).
• Opening of Allen Colliery, Stellarton, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1951).
• Opening of Debert Colliery, Debert, Colchester County, Nova Scotia (it operated in 1908, 1909 and 1936).
• First production of silver from South Lorraine, Ontario.
• First shipments of magnesite from deposits, Grenville Township, Quebec.
1909
• Invention of the outboard motor by Ole Evinrude.
• Discovery of the "Golden Staircase" and staking of the Dome, Hollinger and McIntyre mine orebodies, Porcupine Lake, Ontario.
• Drummond Mines Limited preparing site for iron mining, Austin Brook, New Brunswick.
• Cyanide used to treat low-grade ores, O’Brien mine, Cobalt, Ontario.
• Discovery of coal, Gregg River-Luscar area, Alberta.
• Canadian Oil Company takes over refineries, Petrolia, Ontario.
• Opening of the Sullivan mine, Kimberley, British Columbia (at one time the largest lead-zinc mine in the world).
• Oil and gas flows from Wells M.O.L. (Maritime Oil Fields) 3 and 5, New Brunswick. The Stoney Creek field was delineated after follow-up drilling.
• Opening of Dominion No. 14 Colliery, New Waterford, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1932).
• Opening of Colonial No. 1 Colliery, North Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1958).
• Opening of Colonial No. 2 Colliery, North Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1924).
• Closing of German/Marsh Colliery, New Glasgow, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1867).
• Opening of Eastern Colliery, Maccan, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1919).
• Captain Bernier unveils a plaque proclaiming Canada’s possession over Arctic islands, Melville Island. The island is now divided between the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.
1910
• Discovery of a lead-zinc-gold-silver deposit, Montauban-des-Mines, Portneuf County, Quebec. It became the Tétrault mine.
• Incorporation of Dome Mines Company Limited.
• Mining begins, Weedon mine, Eastern Townships, Quebec.
• Discovery of lead-zinc-iron-platinum mineralization, shore of Strathcona Sound, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories.
• Production begins at the Dome mine, Porcupine Lake, Ontario.
• Discovery of oil at Turner Valley, Alberta.
• Staking of gold claims, Salmon River, Observatory Inlet area, British Columbia (later the Premier mine).
• Opening of Conner coal mine, Wabamun area, Alberta.
• Establishment of Steel Company of Canada, now Stelco Incorporated.
• Mining of tungsten, Scheelite Mines, Moose River, Nova Scotia. Continued until 1918.
• Production of oil and gas begins, Stoney Creek field, Moncton area, New Brunswick.
• Opening of Dominion No. 3 Colliery, Glace Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1924).
• Production of gold at Gateford (Swastika) mine, Teck Township, Ontario. Production ended in 1947.
• Opening of Dominion No. 4 Colliery, Glace Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1961).
• Opening of Dominion No. 5 Colliery, Reserve, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1939).
• Opening of Dominion No. 6 Colliery, Glace Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1930).
• Opening of Dominion No. 7 Colliery, Glace Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1925).
• Opening of Dominion No. 8 Colliery, Bridgeport, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1914).
• Opening of Dominion No. 9 Colliery, Glace Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1925).
• Opening of Dominion No. 10 Colliery, Reserve, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1942).
• Opening of Dominion No. 15 Colliery, New Waterford, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1925).
• Opening of Great Northern Colliery, Chignecto, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery operated only in 1910).
• Discovery of Premier mine orebody, Bralorne, British Columbia.
• Production of mixed nickel and copper oxides, Deloro, Ontario.
1911
• Mining of gypsum begins, Falkland, British Columbia. The quarry continued until 1956.
• Report of lead-zinc mineralization, Strathcona Sound, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories.
• Discovery of gold and staking of the Wright-Hargreaves and Sylvanite deposits, Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
• Completion of Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in Alberta.
• Development of underground coal mines, Coalspur and Lovett, Alberta.
• Discovery of gold, West Shining Tree Lake, Ontario.
• Coal mining begins at Drumheller, Alberta.
• Staking of the Sullivan mine orebody, Lake Dubuisson, Quebec.
• Canada Department of Mines operates experimental peat plant, Alfred Bog, Ontario (until 1912).
• Staking of the San Antonio gold claims, Big Rice Lake, Manitoba.
• Porcupine camp destroyed by fire with great loss of life. Hollinger and Dome mills, then being built, destroyed.
• First shipment of gypsum for cement manufacture in British Columbia.
• Discovery of copper ore outcrops, Benson Lake, Port Alice, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
• Opening of Dominion No. 2 Colliery, Glace Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1949).
• Staking of the Tough Oakes claims, Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
• Small production of gold at American Eagle mine, Munro Township, Ontario. It closed the same year.
• Small production of gold at White-Guyatt mine, Munro Township, Ontario. It closed the same year.
• Small production of gold at Gold Pyramid mine, Guibord Township, Ontario. It closed the same year.
• Opening of Dominion No. 21 Colliery, Birch Grove, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1925).
• Opening of Dominion No. 16 Colliery, New Waterford, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1962).
• Mining of gold during the year at the Kerr mine, McGarry Township, Ontario. The property later became the Kerr Addison mine, which opened in 1938.
• Opening of Black Diamond Colliery, Maccan River, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (this small
colliery operated in 1911 and 1915).
• Discovery of gold, Dubuisson Township, Quebec.
• First discovery of gold in Manitoba, at Rice Lake.
• Completion of Victoria Memorial Museum, Ottawa, Ontario.
• Production of black cobalt oxide and grey cobalt oxide, Deloro, Ontario.
• Closing of Moose Mountain iron mine, Selwood, Ontario, about 70 km north of Sudbury. The mine opened in 1907 and would be re-opened in 1916.
1912
• Operation of the first electric furnace for steel production in Quebec, Canadian Brake Shoe Company,
Sherbrooke.
• Establishment of Dominion Steel Company, now Dofasco Incorporated.
• Incorporation of the town of Timmins, Ontario.
• Gold mining becomes dormant, Chaudiére Valley, Quebec.
• Harry Oakes stakes the Lake Shore mine claims, Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
• Part-time classes begin, Haileybury High School, Haileybury, Ontario.
• Ontario Department of Mines refers to iron deposits at Little Shallow Lake, later Bruce Lake. The Griffith mine was opened in 1968.
• Installation of cyanide process for low-grade ores, Nipissing mine, Cobalt, Ontario.
• Mining and milling begins, Dome and Hollinger mines, Porcupine, Ontario.
• Production of natural gas begins, Stoney Creek field, New Brunswick.
• Discovery of gold, 55 miles southwest of White River, Michipicoten area, Ontario.
• Discovery of gold, Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
• Territory of Ungava added to Quebec by Act of the Parliament of Canada, thereby doubling its territory.
• District of Patricia added to Ontario by Act of the Parliament of Canada.
• Development of Mountain Park coal mine, Alberta.
• First recorded production of coal, Drumheller, Alberta.
• Construction of natural gas pipeline from Stoney Creek field to Moncton and Hillsborough, New Brunswick.
• Closing of North Atlantic Colliery, Port Morien, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1907).
• Harry Oakes registers the Lakeshore claims, Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
• Opening of Dominion No. 22 Colliery, Morrison’s Lake, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1930).
• Opening of MacGregor/Albion Colliery, Stellarton, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1957).
• Mining begins, Morden Colliery, south of Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
• Production of natural gas begins, Stoney Creek field, New Brunswick.
• Copper Mountain claims taken over by British Columbia Copper Company.
1913
• Mining begins at McDonald mine, Weedon, Quebec.
• Discovery of the Lake Shore, Teck-Hughes, Kirkland Lake, and Sylvanite mine orebodies, Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
• Mond Nickel Company begins smelting, Garson, Ontario.
• Opening of Dominion No. 11 Colliery, Reserve, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1949).
• Opening of Jubilee No. 6 Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1924).
• Production begins at the Tough-Oakes (Toburn) mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario (the first in the area). It closed in 1953.
• Production of gold begins at Omega mine, McVittie Township, Ontario. It was mined in 1913, 1926-28 and 1936-47.
• Production of gold begins at Upper Beaver mine, Gauthier Township, Ontario. It was mined intermittently until 1972.
• Incorporation of British American Nickel Company Limited.
• Development begins, Teck-Hughes gold mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario. The mine opened in 1915 and closed in 1965. Ca. 1914
• Mining of iron at Austin Brook, New Brunswick, during World War I. The ore was shipped to Sydney, Nova Scotia.
1914
• Opening of the Panama Canal after 10 years of construction.
• Mond Nickel Company practices flotation at Coniston smelter (until 1930).
• Hillcrest mine disaster, Alberta.
• Discovery of Turner Valley natural gas field, Alberta. The Dignam Number 1 well marked the discovery of the first major oil and gas field in Alberta.
• First production of cobalt metal in Canada, Deloro, Ontario.
• Blowing in of Granby smelter, Anyox, British Columbia.
• First use of cyanide at Kirkland Lake camp, Tough-Oakes mine.
• Staking of claims for petroleum, Fort Norman, Northwest Territories.
• Discovery of copper-zinc at Flin Flon, Manitoba.
• Discovery of gold at Herb (Wekusko) Lake, Manitoba.
• Closing of Dominion No. 8 Colliery, Bridgeport, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1910).
• Development of the Sylvanite mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario. Production was from 1927 to 1961.
• Opening of Broughton Colliery, Broughton, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1915).
• Opening of Dominion No. 17 Colliery, New Waterford, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1921).
• Supplementary Revenue Act of Ontario changed to the Mining Tax Act.
• Teaching of mining and metallurgical engineering begins at the University of Alberta, Edmonton. The first person to graduate in mining engineering graduated in 1916.
1915
• First production of magnesium in North America, Shawinigan Electro-Metals, Shawinigan, Quebec (until 1919).
• Discovery of the Mandy mine copper orebody, Schist Lake, Manitoba.
• Establishment of The Northern Miner, Cobalt, Ontario.
• Staking of the Flin Flon orebody, Flin Flon, Manitoba.
• Staking of the ground above the Falconbridge orebody, Falconbridge, Ontario. Subsequent drilling by the E.J. Longyear Company discloses a large orebody.
• Discoveries of zinc and lead deposits, Montauban Township, Portneuf County, Quebec.
• Staking of the Siscoe mine claims, Quebec.
• Discovery of the Mandy and Rex mines showings, Manitoba.
• Opening of Springhill No. 2 Colliery, Springhill, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1966).
• Opening of Springhill No. 3 Colliery, Springhill, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1927, re-opened in 1965 and closed again in 1968).
• Intermittent production of gold begins, Croesus mine, Munro Township, Ontario. It operated during 1915-18, 1923 and 1931-36.
• Opening of Victoria No. 2 Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1930).
1916
• Westinghouse Canada supplies a hoist drive for Inco’s Creighton mine, Sudbury, Ontario. This was
its first sale to the Canadian mining industry.
• Ontario Department of Mines reports gold at Little Long Lac, Ontario.
• First electrolytic copper refinery in Canada, Trail, British Columbia. This was the first production of refined copper in Canada.
• Production of electrolytic zinc begins, Trail, British Columbia.
• Incorporation of International Nickel Company of Canada.
• Construction of nickel refinery begins, Port Colborne, Ontario.
• Discovery of the Falconbridge orebody through drilling.
• Production of magnesium, Shawinigan Falls, Quebec.
• Development of the Moss molybdenite mine, Quyon, Quebec. It was the largest single source of molybdenite in the world that year.
• Joseph Joy patents gathering arm loader.
• Production begins, Mandy mine, Manitoba.
• Discovery of the Rock Candy fluorspar deposit, Grand Forks, British Columbia.
• Closing of Sydney No. 2/Lloyd Cove Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1907).
• Closing of Sydney No. 5/Queen Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1908).
• Work begins, Elliot claims, western end of Kirkland Lake camp. The property would later be developed into the Macassa mine, which opened in 1933.
• Opening of Milford/Acadia Collieries, Coalburn, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (they closed in 1947).
• Closing of Minudie Colliery, Minudie, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1880).
• Mining of tungsten at Burnt Hill, New Brunswick (the deposit was mined again in 1939 and 1953).
• Drilling begins, Pioneer gold mine, Bralorne, British Columbia.
• Production of electrolytic refined copper, Trail, British Columbia.
• Construction of Imperial Oil refineries at Regina and Montréal.
• Re-opening of Moose Mountain iron mine, Selwood, Ontario, about 70 km north of Sudbury. The mine first operated from 1907 to 1911. It would close again in 1920.
1917
• Battle of Vimy Ridge.
• Discovery of gold, Lightning River, Ontario.
• Magnetometer survey discloses three anomalies, Austin Brook, New Brunswick.
• Coal Valley mine acquires the then-largest dragline in the world, built by Bucyrus-Erie, Edmonton area, Alberta.
• Milling begins, Tech-Hughes mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
• Halifax explosion.
• Dome mine closes due to shortage of labour, Porcupine area, Ontario.
• Dismantling of blast furnaces at Drummondville and Radnor Forges, Quebec.
• Sinking of shaft, New Ross molybdenite mine, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia.
• Opening of Sterling No. 3 Mine Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1923).
• Opening of Fenwick Colliery, Hoeg Road, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1929).
• Production begins, Teck-Hughes gold mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario (it closed in 1968).
• Explosion at Number 12 Colliery, New Waterford, Nova Scotia, kills 65.
• Production begins, Mandy mine, Manitoba.
1918
• Opening of the Rock Candy mine, the largest deposit of fluorite in Canada, Grand Forks, British Columbia. It continued until 1942.
• Canada’s first nickel refinery begins operating, International Nickel, Port Colborne, Ontario.
• Closing of the Croesus gold mine, Munro Township, Ontario.
• Closing of the Helen mine, Wawa, Ontario.
• Construction begins on Canada’s first successful electrolytic nickel refinery, using the Hybinette process, British American Nickel Corporation, Deschênes, Quebec (operated from 1919 to 1922).
• Production begins, Premier mine, Bralorne, British Columbia.
• Opening of the first rock salt mine in Canada, Malagash Salt Company, Malagash, Nova Scotia. It became uneconomical in 1956 and operations were transferred to Pugwash.
• Affiliation of the Mining Society of Nova Scotia with the Canadian Mining Institute.
• Opening and closing of Colonial No. 3 Colliery, North Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this was a small colliery).
• Production begins, Lake Shore gold mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario. It closed in 1965 and operated again from 1982 to 1987.
• Small production of gold at Argyll mine, Beatty Township, Ontario (it closed the same year).
• Opening of Coastal Colliery, Point Aconi, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1922).
• Opening of St. Rose Colliery, Margaree, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1943).
• Opening of Greenwood Colliery, Thorburn, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1966).
• Small production of gold at Miller Independence mine, Pacaud Township, Ontario (it closed the same year).
• Production begins, Bourke gold mine, Benoit Township, Ontario. It closed the same year and
operated again between 1936 and 1938.
• Mining begins, Barry Hollinger gold mine, Pacaud Township, Ontario. It closed the same year and was mined again from 1925 to 1936 and from 1944 to 1946.
• Temporary closing, Tough-Oakes gold mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
1919
• Original staking of Sherritt Gordon mine claims, Amisk Lake, Saskatchewan. Re-staked in 1922. Operated until 1951.
• Formation of Great War Veterans’ Association, now the Royal Canadian Legion.
• Closing of the Eustis copper mine, Eastern Townships, Quebec.
• Discovery of high-grade silver ore, Keno Hill, Yukon.
• Opening of the Derry mine, Glen Almond, Quebec (the chief supplier of feldspar in Quebec for almost 50 years).
• Milling begins, Lake Shore, Wright-Hargreaves, Kirkland Lake mills.
• Formation of Ontario Department of Mines.
• Creation of Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
• First shipments of salt from Malagash deposits, Nova Scotia.
• Refining begins at Deschênes, Quebec.
• Resumption of milling, Dome mine, Porcupine, Ontario.
• Winnipeg general strike.
• Opening of Anderton Brine field, Amherstberg, Ontario.
• Closing of North Sydney/Indian Cove Colliery, North Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1895).
• Production begins, Kirkland Lake Gold mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario (it closed in 1960).
• Closing of Eastern Colliery, Maccan, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery opened in 1909).
• Operations begin at smelter of British American Nickel Company, Nickelton, Ontario. The products were refined at the Deschenes, Quebec, refinery.
• Imperial Oil discovers oil fields at Norman Wells, just south of the Arctic Circle near the Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories. A small refinery was built in the 1920s to serve the local communities.
• Application of differential froth flotation to ores of the Sullivan mine, Kimberley, British Columbia.
• Opening of Anderdon brine field, Anderdon Township, Amherstberg, Ontario. Ca. 1920
• Test pits dug beside CPR tracks at Hemlo, Ontario.
1920
• Closing of Mandy mine, Manitoba.
• Blowing in of Nickleton smelter, British American Nickel Company, Sudbury, Ontario (smelting ore from the Murray mine).
• Staking of the Sigma and Lamaque orebodies, Val-d’Or, Quebec.
• Discovery of Norman Wells oil field, by Imperial Oil Company Limited, at Fort Norman, Northwest Territories.
• Staking of the Horne claims at Lake Osisko, Noranda, Quebec.
• Closing of smelter, Grand Forks, British Columbia.
• The Canadian Mining Institute becomes the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
• Suspension of mining, McDonald mine, Weedon Mining Company, Eastern Townships, Quebec.
• Production begins at Canada’s second copper refinery, British American Nickel Company, Deschênes, Quebec. It operated until 1924.
• Discovery of copper-nickel deposits at Oiseau (Bird) River, Manitoba.
• Shaft sinking at Flin Flon, Manitoba.
• Operation of colliery, Kempton, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1932).
• Opening of Dominion No. 24 Colliery, Glace Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1953).
• Opening of Hiawatha Colliery, False Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1921).
• Opening of Tom Pit Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1942).
• Operation of Jack Pit Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery operated only in 1920).
• Opening of Colonial No. 4 Colliery, North Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1924).
• Opening of Colonial No. 5 Colliery, North Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1923).
• Opening of Acadia No. 1 Colliery, Stellarton, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1925).
• Closing of Acadia Colliery, Westville, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1867).
• Opening of Intercolonial/Drummond No. 5 Colliery, Westville, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1945).
• Opening of Acadia No. 2 Colliery, Thorburn, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1921).
• Opening of Acadia No. 3 Colliery, Thorburn, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1939).
• Opening of Milford No. 1/Acadia No. 4 Collieries, Coalburn, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (they closed in 1941).
• Opening of Springhill No. 6 Colliery, Springhill, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1937).
• Opening of Springhill No. 7 Colliery, Springhill, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1934).
• Opening of Maple Leaf Mines Colliery, Joggins, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1943).
• Opening of Marsh Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1929).
• Opening of St. George Colliery, St. George, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1921).
• Opening of Riversdale Colliery, Kemptown, Colchester County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1932).
• Discovery of rock salt, Fort McMurray, Alberta.
• Closing of Moose Mountain iron mine, about 70 km north of Sudbury, Ontario. The mine operated from 1907 to 1911, and from 1911 to 1920. The property would be re-opened in 1959.
1921
• Discovery of Sadie-Friendship vein, Keno Hill, Yukon.
• Staking of Copper Mountain orebody, Gaspé, Quebec.
• Opening of Derry feldspar mine near Buckingham, Quebec. This brought Quebec to the fore as an important producer.
• First shipments of silver-lead ores, Mayo, Yukon.
• Introduction of rubber mill liners, Nipissing mill, Cobalt, Ontario.
• Development of Luscar coal mine, Alberta.
• Sullivan Machinery Company introduces the first two-drum scraper.
• Closing of Dominion No. 17 Colliery, New Waterford, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1914).
• Closing of Sydney No. 4/Scotia Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1908).
• Opening of Scotia No. 7/Alexander Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1925).
• Opening of Acadia No. 5 Colliery, New Glasgow, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery operated only in 1921).
• Opening of Victoria No. 1 Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1930).
• Production begins, Wright-Hargreaves gold mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario (it closed in 1965).
• Opening of Athol Colliery, Athol, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1923).
• Staking of the Noranda deposits, Noranda, Quebec.
• Imperial Oil transport planes make the first flights to the Northwest Territories.
1922
• Noranda Mines formed to mine newly discovered copper-gold ores, Noranda region, Quebec.
• Discovery of Sherridon Mines orebody, Manitoba.
• Staking of the Amulet mine claims, Quebec.
• Introduction of rod mills in Canadian mills.
• Beginning of drilling, Wainwright oil field, Alberta.
• Following encouraging discoveries of gold, a staking rush in Rouyn, Dasserat, Boischâtel, Joannès, Dufresnoy and other townships, northwestern Quebec.
• Inco dismantles refinery, Bayonne, New Jersey.
• Closing of Dominion Colliery, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1893).
• Small-scale mining of gold at the Hudson-Rand mine, Teck Township, Ontario (this small colliery closed the same year).
• Closing of Coastal Colliery, Point Aconi, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery opened in 1918).
• Opening of Strathcona No. 2 Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1947).
• Opening of National Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1925).
• Opening of Beech Grove Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it operated only in 1922).
• Opening of Carter Colliery, Maccan, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1927).
• Opening of Basin Colliery, Morash Point, Richmond County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1923).
• Opening of Barrington Colliery, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery closed in 1925).
• Closing of Colonial No. 5 Colliery, North Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (this small colliery opened in 1920).
• Opening of Intercolonial/Drummond No. 1 Colliery, Westville, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (it closed in 1969).
• Opening of Fox Brook Colliery, New Glasgow, Pictou County, Nova Scotia (this small colliery operated only during 1923).
• Opening of Bayview Colliery, Joggins, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it operated only during 1923).
• Opening of Casey Colliery, Joggins, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it operated only during 1923).
• Closing of Sterling No. 3 Mine Colliery, River Hebert, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia (it opened in 1917).
• Intermittent mining of gold begins at Blue Quartz gold mine, Beatty Township, Ontario. It was mined in 1923, 1926, 1928 and 1934.
• Power generation begins at 470-MW Sir Adam Beck Number 1 power station in the Niagara Gorge between the Whirlpool and Queenston. Construction began in 1917. The tenth generator was installed in 1930.
• Production of the world’s first documentary film, "Nanook of the North," by Robert J. Flaherty, on the eastern shore of Hudson Bay.
1923
• Drilling establishes that the Horne deposit is principally copper.
• Staking of the Sherritt-Gordon orebody, Manitoba.
• Completion of CPR line from Mattawa to Lac des Quinze, northwestern Quebec.
• Staking of Granada mine claims, Rouyn, Quebec.
• Construction begins, Temiskaming and Northern Ontario railway line from Swastika to Kirkland Lake and Larder Lake, Ontario.
• Red Coulee well first to reach oil in Sunburst formation, Alberta.
• End of mining iron ore for blast furnaces in Canada. There was no production until 1939.
• Mining begins, Onondaga mine, Manitoba.
• Longwall mining, by hand, introduced in Cape Breton coal mines, Nova Scotia.
• Closing of Bennett Martin asbestos mine, Thetford Mines, Quebec.
• Imperial Oil’s Calgary refinery starts operations.
• Discovery of the asbestos deposits at what would later become Cassiar, British Columbia.
• Cominco acquires Yukon Consolidated Gold Mines operations in the Yukon Territory. The operations closed in 1966.
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