America's widening fiscal gap
07 Apr 2009 03:26 am
My latest column for the FT looks at the ever-widening long-term budget gap and what will be needed to close it.
In short, whether it intends to or not, Congress is leaning towards making the long-term deficit even bigger. It is preparing to underwrite a large and permanent expansion of the government's spending obligations while failing to provide for a corresponding expansion of the tax base. A crucial question is therefore whether, and for how long, Mr Obama will continue to be bound by his pledge to raise income taxes "by not one cent" for almost all Americans.
Mr Obama intends to squeeze the rich, but the scope for this may be more limited than US liberals would wish. Few Americans seem aware that the US income tax code, as a recent Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development study showed, is already one of the most progressive.* Even before the rise in top marginal rates promised by Mr Obama, the US income tax collects 45 per cent of its revenues from the highest-income decile. Compare that with Britain at 39 per cent, Canada at 36 per cent, France at 28 per cent, Sweden at 27 per cent and an OECD average of 32 per cent.
This difference is only partly explained by the less-equal US income distribution. The fact that the US has no broadly based national sales tax - value added taxes make Europe's overall tax codes less progressive still - only underlines the point. The US tax system raises comparatively little revenue; what little it raises already comes disproportionately, by international standards, from the rich.
I have previously argued that the US will need a VAT. Even before Mr Obama unveiled his ambitions for healthcare reform, wage subsidies to help the working poor, better education and the rest, the US middle class was seriously undertaxed. The government's promises, on present plans, will be unaffordable. If they are honoured regardless, the only question is which comes first: broadly based tax increases or fiscal collapse. Welcome home, Mr President.
clivecrook.theatlantic.com |
