"You have that wrong. A mosquito is an insect. As such, it doesn't have teeth."
A Mosquito Taxonomic Glossary X. The Larval Mandible.
www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS09N01P025.PDF
Ralph E. Harbach and Kenneth L. Knight**
Department of Entomology
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
For a full explanation of this project see Part I (Knight
ACCESSORY TEETH (ACT). -- In anopheline larvae, a group of peg-like cuticular
structures borne on the mesodorsal margin of the mandible; located immediately
posterior to and closely associated with the base of the posterior dorsal tooth.
In some culicine larvae (Foote 1952, 449), a smaller group of similar structures
also closely associated with the posterior dorsal tooth. (Syn.: chitinous pad
covered with spines, LaCasse and Yamaguti 1948, 13; molar part, Schremmer 1949,
192; accessory spines, Foote 1952, 449; small teeth, Shalaby 1959, 208; molar region,
Clements 1963, 35; mesa1 pecten, Knight 1971, 196; accessory denticles,
Gardner et ai?. 1973, 165.) The "cluster of finger-shaped processes" (24) and the
"subterminal teeth"
INTERIOR DORSAL TOOTH (ADT). -- In most culicid larvae (Pao and Knight 1970, 124),
the more anterior of the two dorsal teeth of the mandible; usually bearing one or
two cusps. (Syn.: mesa1 dorsal dentes, Shalaby 1956, 150; cephalic subgroup of
the dorsal dentes, Shalaby 1957a, 152.)
ANTERIOR MANDIBULAR ARTICULATION (AMA). -- See Part IX (Laffoon and Knight 1973,
33). (Syn.: in addition to those listed in Part IX; dorsal mandibular joint,
Crawford 1933, 27; dorsal mandibular articulation, Schremmer 1949, 190; articulation
of the maxilla with the zygous trabecula,
ARCUATE THICKENING (ArT). -- In culicid larvae, as seen in the light microscope,
a partial or complete 'loop-like band of cuticle extending anteriorly from the
dorsal part of the U-shaped rod; representing the rim of a depression in which
is borne mandibular sweeper 2. (Syn.: arcuate suture, Knight, 1971, 204.) See
AUXILIARY VENTRAL TOOTH (AVT). -- In some culicid larvae, a small projection
located posterior to and in line with the ventral teeth of the mandible; usually
bearing two or three cusps. See appendix.
BASAL BAND (BB). -- In many culicid larvae (Pao and Knight 1970, 124), a semicircular
or linear band of cuticle which represents the rim of the depression in
which is borne the mandibular rake.
CUSP (c). -- In culicid larvae, one of the pointed
near the apex of the dorsal teeth and the auxiliary mandible.
Rarely are the ventral teeth cusped.
DORSAL MANDIBULAR SETA (DMS). -- In many culicine larvae, a long curved spur-like
seta arising a short distance lateral to ventral tooth-4 of the mandible and projecting
mesally. (Syn.: dorsal spine 1, Gardner et c-12. 1973, 165.) See appendix.
DORSAL MANDIBULAR SPINE (DMsp). -- In many culicine larvae, a small straight
spine-like cuticular structure arising immediately dorsal to the base of the
dorsal mandibular seta. (Syn.: lateral dorsal
DORSAL TEETH (DT). -- In most culicid larvae (Foote 1952, 449), two usually
broadened smaller teeth situated dorsal to the ventral teeth of the mandible;
identified as the anterior dorsal tooth and the posterior dorsal tooth. (Syn.:
lower teeth, Salem 1931, 402; distal fang, Becker 1938, 751; dorsal tooth, LaCasse
and Yamaguti 1948, 8; dorsal saw, LaCasse and Yamaguti 1948, 8; dorsal group of
MOSQUITO Systematics Vol. 9(l) 1977 29
dentes, Shalaby 1956, 150.) Schremmer (1949, 192) used the terms "incisers" and
"chewing teeth"
MANDIBLE (Mn). -- In mandibulate arthropods, one of the'firs-t pair of gnathal
appendages of the head: In culicid larvae, borne on the underside of the head
where each is implanted obliquely in the membranous area that extends anteriorly
from the margin of the lateralia to the cibarial bar; typically flattened lobes
with their mesa1 ends produced into strongly sclerotized toothed processes and .
a seta-bearing lobe, the tips of opposing mandibles coming to rest against the
labiohypopharynx when closed (larvae of predaceous species may be exceptions to
this). (Syn. for culicid larvae: maxilla, Becker 1938, 750.)
MANDIBULAR ABDUCTOR APODEME (MAbA). -- In culicid larvae (Knight 1971, 190), an
apodeme attached under the V-shaped ridge or to the lateroventral end of the
U-shaped rod when the V-shaped ridge is absent; providing attachment for an abductor
muscle. Farnsworth (1947, 142) referred to this structure as simply an "apodeme."
MANDIBULAR ADDUCTOR APODEME (MAdA). -- In culicid larvae (Knight 1971, 190), an
apodeme attached to the mesa1 end or to a posterior projection of the mesa1 end
of the ventral arm of the U-shaped rod; providing attachment for an adductor
muscle. (Syn.: adductor tendon of mandible, Christophers 1960, 206; mandibular
apodeme, Pao and Knight 1970, 126.) The "large apodeme" referred to by Farnsworth
(1947, 143) may include the mesoventral projection of the U-shaped rod which is
large in AnopheZes species. Knight (1971) labelled the mesoventral
MANDIBULAR BRUSH (MnB). -- In larval culicids (Shalaby 1956, 152), a group of
prominent, curved, acute setae linearly arranged and varying in position from
the dorsoanterior (in most species) to the dorsomesal margin (in predaceous species)
of the mandible; number of setae greatly reduced in predaceous species;
the most lateral setae may be flattened plumose structures in anophelines. (Syn.:
brushes of hairs, Nuttall and Shipley 1901, 55; lateral comb, Mitchell 1906, 12;
fringe of long hairs, Howard et al. 1912, 86; fringe of long soft hairs, Wesenberg-
Lund 1921, 18; row of long, curved, finely branched hairs, Puri 1931, 27;
flabelliform plastins [plates], Becker 1938, 752; long bent hairs, Foote 1952,
449; row of stout bristles, Salem 1931, 402; dorsal cleaning comb of the mandible,
Chaudonneret 1962, 475; mandibulary fan, Dodge 1966, 339.) The "adorning
comb" (196), also termed a "setal comb" and a "mandibular comb" (194), and "bowed
setae" (194) of Schremmer (1949) represent the mandibular brush as defined here.
Snodgrass (1959, 16) used the term "comblike fringe" which may have included the
mandibular comb since he later referred to "setal combs" (17). Christophers
(1960, 206) used the term "comb-like fringe" for both the mandibular brush and
the mandibular comb. Meinert's (1886, 377) "border of brushes' included elements
of the comb and brush. Knight (1971) incorrectly labelled the lateral plumose
elements of the mandibular brush in his drawings of anopheline mandibles as the
"mandibular comb." See appendix.
MANDIBULAR BRUSH SETA (MnBS). -- In culicid larvae, any setal element of the
mandibular brush; commonly bearing villiform processes in filter-feeders and
serrations in predators; the most lateral setae may be flattened plumose structures
in anophelines.
mandibular comb. -- See MANDIBULAR BRUSH.
MANDIBULAR COMB (MnC). -- In culicine larvae (Shalaby 1957a, 155), a linearlyarranged
group of setae or echinate tubercles on the ventroanterior margin of
the mandible; extending mesally from a point near the2 sella to a point close
to mandibular rake blade 1; in some anophelines, a single, branched seta closely
associate with the lateralmost setae of the mandibular brush. (Syn.: marginal
comb, Mitchell 1906, 13; seta-bearing tubercles, Howard et al. 1912, 86;
tubercles carrying thorns, Wesenberg-Lund 1921, 18; combing apparatus, Wesenberg-
Lund 1921, 18; serrated processes, Shalaby 1957b, 278.) Christophers
(1960, 206) used the term "comb-like fringe" for both the mandibular comb and
the mandibular brush. Meinert's (1886, 377) "border of brushes" included the
comb and brush elements. See appendix.
MANDIBULAR COMB ELEMENT (MnCE). -- In culicine larvae, one of the setae or echinate
tubercles of the mandibular
MANDIBULAR LOBE (MnL). -- In larval culicids, a lightly sclerotized, rounded
protuberance on the mesa1 margin of the mandible just posterior to the mandibular
teeth; bearing as many as five groups of setae, mandibular lobe setae
l-5; highly reduced or absent in predaceous species. (Syn.: chitinous growth,
Raschke 1887, 9; chitinous process, Raschke 1887, 29; projection below last
tooth, Mitchell 1906, 13; chitinous projection, Howard et ai?. 1912, 86; forklike
lobe, Wesenberg-Lund 1921, 18; finger-like process, Salem 1931, 402; small
protuberance, Puri 1931, 27; anvil-shaped projection, Crawford 1933, 27; mandibular
palp, LaCasse and Yamaguti 1948, 8; membranous process, Shalaby 1956,
153; seta-bearing lobe, Snodgrass 1959, 16; molar lobe, Christophers 1960, 206;
molar process of mandible, Christophers 1960, 206; vental lobe of the mandible,
Chaudonneret 1962, 476; piliferous process, Gardner et ai?. 1973, 166.) See
appendix.
MANDIBULAR LOBE SETA (MLS). -- In larval culicids, one of the uninnervated setae
of the mandibular lobe; in as many as five groups, mandibular lobe setae 1-5.
(Syn.: fine setae, Puri 1931, 27; piliferous process hairs, Gardner et al. 1973,
166.) See appendix.
MANDIBULAR LOBE SETAE 1 (MLSl). -- In culicid larvae, a cluster of setae borne
apically on the labula of the mandibular lobe; usually spine-like structures.
(Syn.: mesa1 group of hairs, Shalaby 1957a, 154; MP group of hairs, Knight
1971, 196; piliferous process hairs 1, Gardner et a . t 1973, 166.)
MANDIBULAR LOBE SETAE 2 (MLS2). -- In culicid larvae, a cluster of small setae
borne apically on the anterior lip of the mandibular lobe; often spine-like
structures. (Syn.: intermediate group of hairs, Shalaby 1957a, 153; MP group
of hairs, Knight 1971, 196; piliferous process hairs 2, Gardner et al. 1 973,
166.)
MANDIBULAR LOBE SETAE 3 (MLS ). -- In culicid larvae, a cluster of setae situated
on the anterodorsal margin o 2 the labula of the mandibular lobe; often spineor
hair-like structures. . (Syn.: mesa1 dorsal cluster of hairs, Shalaby 1957b,
277; MP3 group of hairs, Knight 1971, 196; piliferous process hairs 3, Gardner
et al.. 1973, 166.) The sclerotized spine which occurs on the mandibular lobe
of AnopheZes quad.rimacu~atus (Shalaby 1956, 150) is probably homologous with
this group of setae.
MANDIBULAR LOBE SETAE 4 (MLS4). -- In culicid larvae, an often linearly-arranged
group of setae situated lateral of mandibular lobe setae 2 on the anterior or
anteroventral surface of the mandibular lobe; usually hair-like structures.
(Syn.: lateral group of hairs, Shalaby 1957a, 153; MP4 group of hairs, Knight
1971, 196; piliferous process hairs 4, Gardner et al. 1973, 166.)
MANDIBULAR LOBE SETAE 5 (MLS5). -- In culicid larvae, a linearly-arranged group
of setae beginning dorsally at either the base of the labula or the mandibular
lobe proper and extending either anteriorly along the base of the lobe or laterally
onto the body of the mandible; often flattened hair-like structures.
(Syn.:, lateral dorsal cluster of hairs, Shalaby 1957b, 277; MP group of hairs,
MANDIBULAR LOBE SPINE (MLSp). -- In some culicid larvae, one of several minute
tubercles or spine-like projections located posteriorly at the base of the mandibular
lobe. (Syn.: piliferous process spines, Gardner et al. 1973, 166.)
MANDIBULAR
PEG ORGAN (MPgO). -- Known only in a few culicines, a small
sensillum located dorsally at the base of the mandibular lobe. See appendix.
MANDIBULAR PILOSE AREA (MnPA). -- In many culicid larvae, a group or covering
of fine hair-like cuticular filaments located anterodorsally on the mandible;
extending from the rim of the sella along the base of the mandibular brush.
In anophelines, the pile at the rim of the sella is sometimes long and
confused with the accessory sellar setae. (Syn.: mandibular spur 2, Knight
1971, in part in some species, e. g., AnopheZes, 196.) See appendix.
MANDIBULAR PIT ORGAN (MPO). -- In most culicid larvae, a small innervated
occurring lateroposteriorly on the dorsal surface of the mandible near preartis;
bearing a small dome-shaped projection or conical peg; resembling
cuticular ring under the light microscope. (Syn.: mandibular ring. Knight
204.) See appendix.
MANDIBULAR RAKE (MnR). --'In most culicid larvae, a serried rank of variably
shaped, uninnervated setal elements arising ventral and posterior to the
teeth. The anterior elements, the mandibular rake blades, are typically flattened
and elongate; the posterior elements, the mandibular rake setae, usually
plumose, pectinate, or serrate structures. (Syn.: acinaciform outgrowths,
Becker 1938, 752.) See appendix.
MANDIBULAR RAKE BLADE (&). -- In most culicid larvae, one of the flattened,
elongate anterior setal elements of the mandibular rake. Usually one
in number (mandibular rake blades 1, 2, and 3), they are extremely variable
size and form; often bearing spines or pectinations. (Syn.: sabre-shaped
on the mandibles, Puri 1931, 24; toothed rods, Schremmer 1949, 194; transparent
arms, Foote 1952, 450; serrated group of dentes, Shalaby 1956, 148; serrated
teeth, Clements 1963, 35.) See appendix.
MANDIBULAR RAKE BLADE 1 (MRBl). -- In most culicid larvae, the most anterior
and largest of the mandibular rake setal elements; usually pectunculate.
articulate serrate spine, Mitchell 1906, 12; movable spine, Howard et
86; movable dentated tooth, Wesenberg-Lund 1921, 18; ventral blade, LaCasse
Yamaguti 1948, 8; lateral tooth, Shalaby 1956, 150; ventral falciform
the mandible, Chaudonneret 1962, 475; ventral blade 1, Gardner et al.
MANDIBULAR RAKE BLADE 2 (MRB2). -- In many culicid larvae, a reduced blade-
setal element located immediately posterior to mandibular rake blade 1.
medial tooth, Shalaby 1956, 150; ventral blade 2, Gardner et al. 1973,
MANDIBULAR RAKE BLADE 3 (MRB3). -- In many culicid larvae, the most posterior
of the three mandibular rake blades presently known. Similar in size
to mandibular rake blade 2. (Syn.: mesa1 tooth, Shalaby 1956, 150.)
MANDIBULAR RAKE SETA (MRS). -- In most larval culicids, one of the posterior
setal elements of the mandibular rake; varying in size and form, they may be
plumose, pectinate, serrate, branched, or hairlike. (Syn.: pectinate hairs,
Shalaby 1957a, 153; plumose hairs, Shalaby 1957b, 277; pectinate brushes, Pao
and Knight 1970, 124; pectinate brush, Knight 1971, 196.) See appendix.
mandibular ring. -- See MANDIBULAR PIT ORGAN.
MANDIBULAR SPINOSE AREA (MSA). -- In culicid larvae, a grouping of cuticular
structures having the form of spicules, small spines, hairs, and/or nodules
located laterodorsally on the mandible; sometimes extending onto the ventral
surface. The area commonly bears a row of uninnervated setae, termed the man?
dibular spinose area brush, in anophelines. (Syn.: group C hairs, Mitchell
1906, 14; minute sensory hairs, Puri 1931, 24; dorsal bristles, Becker 1938,
753; microspines, Shalaby 1957a, 155; spinose area, Knight 1971, 190.)
MANDIBULAR SPINOSE AREA BRUSH (MSAB). -- In anopheline larvae, a linearlyarranged
group of branched setae occurring dorsally within the mandibular spinose
area. (Syn.: patch of long usually branched setae, Puri 1931, 27.) See
appendix.
mandibular spur
MANDIBULAR RAKE SETA (MRS). -- In most larval culicids, one of the posterior
setal elements of the mandibular rake; varying in size and form, they may be
plumose, pectinate, serrate, branched, or hairlike. (Syn.: pectinate hairs,
Shalaby 1957a, 153; plumose hairs, Shalaby 1957b, 277; pectinate brushes, Pao
and Knight 1970, 124; pectinate brush, Knight 1971, 196.) See appendix.
mandibular ring. -- See MANDIBULAR PIT ORGAN.
MANDIBULAR SPINOSE AREA (MSA). -- In culicid larvae, a grouping of cuticular
structures having the form of spicules, small spines, hairs, and/or nodules
located laterodorsally on the mandible; sometimes extending onto the ventral
surface. The area commonly bears a row of uninnervated setae, termed the man?
dibular spinose area brush, in anophelines. (Syn.: group C hairs, Mitchell
1906, 14; minute sensory hairs, Puri 1931, 24; dorsal bristles, Becker 1938,
753; microspines, Shalaby 1957a, 155; spinose area, Knight 1971, 190.)
MANDIBULAR SPINOSE AREA BRUSH (MSAB). -- In anopheline larvae, a linearlyarranged
group of branched setae occurring dorsally within the mandibular spinose
area. (Syn.:
MANDIBULAR SWEEPER (MnS). -- In culicid larvae, a linear group of long flexible,
uninnervated setae arising along the dorsal basal margin of the mandible.
When the setae are divided into two groups, the more lateral group is termed
mandibular sweeper 1 and the mesa1 group mandibular sweeper 2. In many species,
mandibular sweeper 2 is borne within the arcuate thickening. (Syn.: bunch of
hairs which line the mouth, Nuttall and Shipley 1901, 55; hairs projecting inward
to mouth, Nuttall and Shipley 1901, 74; bunch of long stout setae, Puri
1931, 27; spines of the maxilla, Becker 1938,750 cramming comb, Schremmer 1949,
194; long bristlelike comb, Schremmer 1949, 194; setae extending mesad, Shalaby,
1956, 150; gorging hairs of the mandible, Chaudonneret 1962, 479; mandibular
brush, Clements 1963, 34; long spines, Pucat 1965, 55; mandibular hairs, Pao
and Knight 1970, 126.) See appendix.
MANDIBULAR SWEEPER I (MnSl). -- In larval culicids, a group of long flexible
setae situated on the dorsal basal margin of the mandible and arising along
the U-shaped rod; located lateral to mandibular sweeper 2 when sweeper 2 is
present. (Syn.: group A hairs, Mitchell 1906, 14; MdH group, Knight 1971,
204; lateral subgroup of mandibular hairs, Pao and Knig t lh 1970, 128.)
MANDIBULAR SWEEPER 2 (MnS2). -- In many culicid larvae, a linear group of long
flexible setae situated mesa1 to mandibular sweeper 1 on the dorsal basal margin
of the mandible; often located above the basal margin and borne within the
arcuate thickening. (Syn.: group B hairs, Mitchell 1906, 14; MdH group, Knight
1971, 204; mesa1 subgroup of mandibular hairs, Pao and Knight 1976, 128.)
MANDIBULAR SWEEPER SETA (MnSS). -- In culicid larvae, any setal element of the
mandibular sweeper; often a finely branched or barbed structure.
MANDIBULAR TEETH (MnT). -- In culicid larvae (Marshall 1938, 44), a cluster of
heavily sclerotized projections occurring on the mesodistal margin of the mandible;
including dorsal teeth, ventral teeth, accessory teeth, and an auxiliary
ventral tooth. The auxiliary ventral tooth and accessory teeth are often absent.
(Syn.: teeth, Meinert 1886, 377; chewing teeth, Nuttall and Shipley 1901,
55; biting part, Mitchell 1906, 12; chitinized teeth, Wesche 1910, 12; projecting
irregular teeth, Howard et al. 1912, 86; composite teeth, Salem 1931,
402; the Terminal teeth, Puri 1931, 25; teeth of the mandible, Crawford 1933,
27; radula, Becker 1938, 751; cutting organ of mandible, LaCasse and Yamaguti
1948, 8; mandibular cutting organ, LaCasse and Yamaguti 1948, 18; chewing segment,
Schremmer 1949, in part, 192; dentes-bearing area, Shalaby 1956, in part,
148; mandibular molar area, Menees 1958, 35; toothed process, Snodgrass 1959,
16; molar process, Surtees 1959, 10.) The "cutting organ" of LaCasse and Yamaguti
(1949) and later authors included the dorsal teeth, ventral teeth, dorsal
mandibular spine, mandibular rake, and the basal band,
POSTARTIS (Poa). -- In most insects, the part of the mandible articulating with
the postcoila (a cranial structure); often forming a condyle. In culicid larvae
(Shalaby 1956, 150), a small posteroventral process borne at the lateral third
of the U-shaped rod of the mandible; the maxillary palpus is secondarily associated
with it basally. (Syn.: pivot, Raschke 1887, 9; chitinous apodeme, Salem
1931, 402; chitinous process, Puri 1931, 27; ventral mandibular process, Crawford
1933, 27; mandibular arm, Farnsworth 1947, 142; articulatory process, Schremmer
1949, 190; posterior basal articular point, Snodgrass 1959, 16; mandibular
ventral artis, Pao and Knight 1970, 126.)
POSTERIOR DORSAL TOOTH (PDT). -- In most culicid larvae (Pao and Knight 1970,
124), the more posterior of the two dorsal teeth of the mandible; usually bearing
two or more cusps. (Syn.: lateral dorsal dentes, Shalaby 1956, 150; caudal
subgroup of the dorsal dentes, Shalaby 1957a, 152.)
POSTERIOR MANDIBULAR ARTICULATION (PMA). -- See Part IX (Laffoon and Knight
1973, 52). (Syn.: in addition to those listed in Part IX; ventral mandibular
joint, Crawford 1933, 27; outer mandibular articulation, Schremmer 1949, 190;
ventral mandibular articulation, Schremmer 1949, 190.)
PREARTIS (Pra). -- In most insects, the part of the mandible articulating with
the precoila (a cranial structure); often forming a condyle. In culicid larvae
(Shalaby 1956, 150), a small posterodorsal process borne at the lateral third
of the U-shaped rod of the mandible. (Syn.: anterior articulation of the mandibel,
Chaudonneret 1962, 447; mandibular dorsal artis, Pao and Knight 1970, 126.)
SELLAR SETA (SeS).
-- In culicid larvae (Gardner et al. 1973, 164), one of
four innervated and prominent setae borne by the sella of the mandible. Proceeding
anteroposteriorly they are designated as sellar seta 1, 2, 3, and 4;
one or more may be absent in varying combinations. (Syn.: cycle-shaped hairs,
Nuttall and Shipley 1901, 55; simple articulate spines, Mitchell 1906, 13; dorsal
spines, Smith 1908, 24; stiff bristles, Weschg 1910, 12; long spines, Howard
et aZ. 1912, 86; movable spines, Wesenberg-Lund 1921, 18; upper bristles,
Salem 1931, 402; group of sickle-shaped hairs, Puri 1931, 24; falciform outgrowths,
Becker 1938, 752; pectinate spines, LaCasse and Yamaguti 1948, 13; corner
spines, LaCasse and Yamaguti 1948, 18; sickle setae, Schremmer 1949, 194; curved
spines, Foote 1952, 449; dorsal falciform hair of the mandible, Chaudonneret
1962, 475; lateral bristles, Clements 1963, 34; mandibular bristles
SUBDENTAL TUBERCLES (ST). -- In culicid larvae (Gardner et al. 1973, 165), one
of the small tuberculiform or nodule-like projections sometimes occurring on
the sides or at thebasesof ventral teeth 1, 2, and 3.
U-SHAPED ROD (UR). -- In culicid larvae (Pao and Knight 1970, 126), the U-shaped
apodematous ridge (thickened rim) of the posterior or attachment surface of the
mandible; appearing as a rod-like structure in the light microscope with the
base of the U being lateral and its arms extending mesally; the arms sometimes
meet or are fused mesally to give the rod the appearance of being a narrow
ellipse; the pre- and postartises are projections of this thickening. (Syn.:
thickened rim, Puri 1931, 27; U-osselet, Crawford 1933, 27.) Schremmer (1949,
191) referred to the posteriorly protruding projection of the mesa1 end of the
ventral arm of the U-shaped rod, which is extremely long in some anophelines,
as the "tendon plate of the mandibular adductor."
VENTRAL TEETH (VT). -- In larval culicids (Foote 1952, 449), a complex of closely
associated teeth situated along a row which is located ventrally on the mesodistal
margin of the mandible; consisting of a principal tooth, ventral tooth
0, with three teeth (ventral teeth 1 to 3) on its posterior side and as many as
four teeth (ventral teeth-l to -4) on its anterior side. (Syn.: upper teeth,
Salem 1931; 402; ventral fang of.the radula, Becker 1938, 751; ventral saw,
LaCasse and Yamaguti 1948, 8; ventral group of,dentes, Shalaby 1956, 148; ventral
tooth, Pao 'and Knight 1970, 124.) Schremmer (1949, 192) used two terms,
"chewing .teeth" and "incisors," each of which collectively represented the
ventral and dorsal mandibular teeth. The "incisor region" of Clements (1963,
35) also-probably included both sets of teeth.
Mosquito
A MOSQUITO Taxonomic Glossary X. The Larval Mandible. |
