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Politics : Formerly About Advanced Micro Devices

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To: J_F_Shepard who wrote (564976)	5/6/2010 4:15:39 PM
From: one_less	of 1577292

Anecdotal may be used to refer to hearsay, which is what you accuse Brumar of but that is not the scientific usage. Validity at least by replication is within subject not from the subject to a larger population. Validity is internal to the research subject only. This is one of the flaws in Cannibas research where the researchers often make claims based on anectotal evidence that they conclude would be true for a larger population. Some people have proposed meta-analysis but they can't agree on the rules. Anectotal research evidence is not intended to be used to validate typical experience. In medicine, published anecdotal evidence is called a case report, which is a formalized type of evidence subjected to peer review.(Jenicek M. "Clinical Case Reporting" in Evidence-Based Medicine. Oxford: Butterworth–Heinemann; 1999:117) Anecdotal evidence is not considered valid for drawing conclusions about a population but it is considered to have internal validity when acquired in a research setting such as single case design research. +++++++++++++++ Requirements of a single-subject design The following are requirements of single-subject designs: [3] Continuous assessment: The behavior of the individual is observed repeatedly over the course of the intervention. This insures that any treatment effects are observed long enough to convince the scientist that the treatment produces a lasting effect. Baseline assessment: Before the treatment is implemented, researcher to look for behavioral trends. If a treatment reverses a baseline trend (e.g., things were getting worse as time went on in baseline but the treatment reversed this trend) then this is powerful evidence suggesting (though not proving) a treatment effect. Variability in data: Because behavior is assessed repeatedly, the single-subject design allows the researcher to see how consistently the treatment changes behavior from day-to-day. Large-group statistical designs do not typically provide this information because repeated assessments are not usually not taken and the behavior of individuals in the groups are not scrutinized; instead, group means are reported. [edit] Phases within single-subject design Baseline: this phase is one in which the researcher collects data on the dependent variable without any intervention in place. Intervention: this phase is one in which the researcher introduces an independent variable (the intervention) and then collects data on the dependent variable. Reversal: this phase is one in which the researcher removes the independent variable (reversal) and then collects data on the dependent variable. It is important that the data are stable (steady trend and low variability) before the researcher moves to the next phase. Single-subject designs produce or approximate three levels of knowledge: (1) descriptive, (2) correlational, and (3) causal en.wikipedia.org

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