OT/Pledge surfing:)---Doing some surfing and copying and pasting as i am also watching Phils/Rockies game on DTV 213 MLB channel:) All random surfing.
One can get the source simply by taking an exact sequence of words from quote and Googling
<<In 1940 the Supreme Court, in Minersville School District v. Gobitis, ruled that students in public schools could be compelled to swear the Pledge, even Jehovah's Witnesses like the defendants in that case who considered the flag salute to be idolatry. A rash of mob violence and intimidation against Jehovah's Witnesses followed the ruling. In 1943 the Supreme Court reversed its decision, ruling in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette that "compulsory unification of opinion" violated the First Amendment.[6]>>
<<The Pledge of Allegiance was written in 1892 by Francis Bellamy (1855-1931), a Baptist minister, a Christian socialist, and the cousin of socialist utopian novelist Edward Bellamy (1850-1898). The original "Pledge of Allegiance" was published in the September 8 issue of the popular children's magazine The Youth's Companion as part of the National Public-School Celebration of Columbus Day, a celebration of the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's discovery of America. The event was conceived and promoted by James B. Upham, a marketer for the magazine, in a campaign to encourage patriotism and the display of the American flag in public schools.[2][3]
Bellamy's original Pledge read as follows:[4]
I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.>>(Bellamy was BACKED by at least one Flag Company, and there was a lobby(which means money in play)--see if can hit that in this surfing--max:)
<<Prior to February 1954, no attempt to get the Pledge officially amended(edit:to "Under G-d"-max) succeeded. The final successful push came from George MacPherson Docherty>>
A fine graphic--follow the lines:)
link to site--good bit here, i am getting tired of this---leave the rest for you to track down
historyofthepledge.com |
