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Politics : Evolution

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To: Greg or e who wrote (11753)12/31/2010 5:33:15 PM
From: Jacques Chitte  Read Replies (1) of 69300
 
I am aware of two rather different definitions of spiritualism.
1) The belief that spirit is a prime element of the universe
2) The belief that spirits of the dead communicate via mediums.

I personally refer to 2) as spiritism to avoid the confusion. I am guessing this is the one you mean.
<edit> I personally do not hold with spiritism. Spirited (sic!) attempts to prove that it works have led to no positi conclusions that can be tested with even a forgiving take on the scientific method. Conversely, some famous spiritists have been shown to cheat. </edit>
I have studied animism (and its practical arm, shamanism) to some extent. I see "hard" v. "soft" animism. The hard form assigns individual spirits to trees, rocks etc. The soft form is a bit like "cosmic consciousness", in holding with spiritualism 1.
I see soft animism as compatible with a non-theistic outlook, i.e, a God is not required, unless one circularly defines the universal spirit as God. This becomes a different God from the Judeo-Christian one - different and incompatible properties.
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