Dude...I posted the links. They were from Universities and research. Go read them and come on into the 21st century in archaeology. The "Clovis First" crowd among respected archaeologists is rapidly dwindling as more and more irrefutable evidence is found. I know the Clovis theory is what you were taught in school, but things change. Seriously...do some research on your own and expand your horizons. You may be surprised and amazed at how resourceful and adaptable humans are. Personally, I would tend to believe those with PhD's before I would someone in a blog just spouting obscenities. ALL of the following predate Clovis.
Note: This is in Chile...over 8000 miles south....
unl.edu
"There's no doubt about the age -- it's 33,000 years old," Pino said of the sediment layers bearing the apparent artifacts under the knoll.
The date, which would put the occupation during a warm interlude in the ice ages, is based on radiocarbon examination of burned wood that scientists suspect came from hearths at the hunting camp. Archeologists found the charcoal in three shallow depressions lined with scorched clay. Other hints of human occupation include 24 fractured pebbles, several of which were probably flaked by people using them to cut and scrape meat, hides and plants.
When independent archeologists visited Monte Verde last year and authenticated the younger camp site, Pino said, they also examined the material from the deeper, 33,000-year-old layer. "They said there is no doubt these are real human artifacts," he said. "We were surprised. We expected another fight."
Ancient migration: Coming to America
For decades, scientists thought that the Clovis hunters were the first to cross the Arctic to America. They were wrong — and now they need a better theory
"Recently there has been more serious inquiry into the various origins of migrants, modes of transportation, and dates of when they got here," Gillespie said in an e-mail message. "Dates for peopling of the Americas have been pushed way back, and with the finding of very early skeletal remains, the genetic/skeletal linkages to peoples of northeast Asia has become more cloudy."
"While it is perhaps all but indisputable that land migration occurred over the Bering Strait, it is not conclusive that this path was the first or the only means of migration to the Americas. There are incongruities in the archaeological record when North and South America are compared. There are South American sites, including Monte Verde, which predate the North American Clovis remains by at least 1,000 years (Dillehay 1999 archaeology.org. These findings lend support to what has been argued to be an earlier and faster maritime migration. Furthermore, excavations across the Americas, the most recent of which unearthed coprolites in the Paisley Caves of Oregon’s Cascade Range, suggest the first Americans were a maritime culture (Thomas et al 2008). Beyond the earlier absence of the ice-free corridor — an absence which makes an earlier land-based migration virtually impossible — one of the primary clues is diet."
"Native American Populations Descend from Three Key Migrations, Scientists Say
July 11, 2012 — Scientists have found that Native American populations -- from Canada to the southern tip of Chile -- arose from at least three migrations."
"The chronology of migration models is currently divided into two general approaches. The first is the short chronology theory with the first movement beyond Alaska into the New World occurring no earlier than 15,000 – 17,000 years ago, followed by successive waves of immigrants. The second belief is the long chronology theory, which proposes that the first group of people entered the hemisphere at a much earlier date, possibly 21,000–40,000 years ago, with a much later mass secondary wave of immigrants"
Availability of unobstructed routes for human migration southward from Beringia during the ice age (summarized) [14]Dates BCEBeringia "Land Bridge"Coastal routeMackenzie Corridor|
| 38,000–34,000 | accessible (open) | open | closed | | 34,000–30,000 | submerged (closed) | open | open | | 30,000–22,000 | accessible (open) | closed | open | | 22,000–15,000 | accessible (open) | open | closed | | 15,000–today | submerged (closed) | open | open |
canada.com
"Recently another team has discovered allegedly human-worked mammoth bone flakes in the Bluefish Caves area, radiocarbon dated to an even earlier period of 40,000 y.b.p."
The early date for the site was not widely accepted until 1997. It had hitherto been generally agreed that ancient people had entered the Americas using the Bering Strait Land Bridge, which was about 8,000 miles north of the Monte Verde site. A group of 12 respected archaeologists revisited the site in 1997 and concluded that Monte Verde was an inhabited site and predated the Clovis culture. One of Dillehay’s colleagues, Dr. Mario Pino, claimed the site is actually 33,000 years old based on the discovery of burned wood several hundred feet to the south of Monte Verde, which after radiocarbon dating was found to be 33,000 years old.
Monte Verde is an archaeological site in southern Chile, located near Puerto Montt, Southern Chile, which has been dated to 14,800 years BP. This dating adds to the evidence showing that the human settlement of the Americas pre-dates the Clovis culture by roughly 1000 years. This contradicts the previously accepted "Clovis first" model which holds that settlement of the Americas began after 13,500 BP. The Monte Verde findings were initially dismissed by most of the scientific community, but in recent years the evidence has become more widely accepted in some archaeological circles,although vocal "Clovis First" advocates remain. Coastal migration is a widely accepted model explaining the inhabitance of Monte Verde. Archaeological evidence shows that people arrived at Monte Verde about 1,800 years before the time that the Bering Land Bridge between Alaska and Siberia would have become impassable in 13,000 BP. This leaves traveling down the western coast of the Americas as the most plausible explanation for the earliest inhabitants of Chile. Paleoecological evidence of the coastal landscape's ability to sustain human life further supports this model.However, no archaeological evidence has been found of pre-Clovis humans using a coastal migration route. |
