What you were given as an option then to be a "believer" , was to be constantly spied upon,always in fear of being turned in for breaking some arbitrary commandment,and killed, expected to follow every rule laid down by the priests and attacked for showing any slightest moderate leaning. Of course it all has its roots in the economic stratus, the country & common lower classes vs the upper mobile elite which were the ones that accepted more of a moderate blend of Hellene world & their own.
That there would have been some form of protest against this stratification is/was as given as evolution, usually always arises out of some purer sect used to privation & asceticism like the Buddhists in Vientnam were, one guess the Essenes were that ancient contemporary voice of the pure simple archetype of Judeo/Ammish communal spirit.
The rise of Christian /Jewish sects & that philosophical train seems very evolutionary to me, very Darwinistic, when in doubt go back to traditions of basic survival; the family, love, communal sharing,male strict control.
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