Cancer Gene Ther. 2013 Sep 13. doi: 10.1038/cgt.2013.55. [Epub ahead of print]
Overcoming cancer cell resistance to VSV oncolysis with JAK1/2 inhibitors.
Escobar-Zarate D, Liu YP, Suksanpaisan L, Russell SJ, Peng KW.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has potent antitumor activity but some cancer cells are resistant to VSV killing, either constitutively or due to type I interferon (IFN) inducing an antiviral state in the cells. Here, we evaluated VSV oncolysis of a panel of human head and neck cancer cells and showed that VSV resistance in SCC25 and SCC15 cells could be reversed with Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitors (JAK inhibitor I and ruxolitinib). Pre-treatment of cells with JAK1/2 inhibitors before or in conjunction with VSV enhanced viral infection, spread and progeny yield (100- to 1000-fold increase). In contrast, inhibitors of histone deacetylase (LBH589), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (GDC-0941, LY294002), mammalian target of rapamycin (rapamycin) or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3 inhibitor VII) were ineffective. Compared with VSV-sensitive SW579 cells, IFNa/ß responsive antiviral genes (IRF-9, IRF-7, OAS1 but not MxA) are constitutively expressed in SCC25 cells. Pretreatment with JAK inhibitors reduced mRNA levels of these genes, increasing VSV expression in the cells. Interestingly, 1?h of drug exposure was sufficient to reverse SCC25 resistance to VSV and was still effective if virus was added 24?h later. Overall, we show here that JAK inhibitor I and ruxolitinib (Jakafi) can reverse resistance to VSV, supporting the rationale to incorporate JAK1/2 inhibitors in future VSV virotherapy trials.
J Immunol. 2013 Sep 4. [Epub ahead of print]
Preclinical Characterization of GLPG0634, a Selective Inhibitor of JAK1, for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases.
Van Rompaey L, Galien R, van der Aar EM, Clement-Lacroix P, Nelles L, Smets B, Lepescheux L, Christophe T, Conrath K, Vandeghinste N, Vayssiere B, De Vos S, Fletcher S, Brys R, van 't Klooster G, Feyen JH, Menet C.
Departement of In Vitro Pharmacology, Galapagos NV, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium.
The JAKs receive continued interest as therapeutic targets for autoimmune, inflammatory, and oncological diseases. JAKs play critical roles in the development and biology of the hematopoietic system, as evidenced by mouse and human genetics. JAK1 is critical for the signal transduction of many type I and type II inflammatory cytokine receptors. In a search for JAK small molecule inhibitors, GLPG0634 was identified as a lead compound belonging to a novel class of JAK inhibitors. It displayed a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor profile in biochemical assays, but subsequent studies in cellular and whole blood assays revealed a selectivity of ~30-fold for JAK1- over JAK2-dependent signaling. GLPG0634 dose-dependently inhibited Th1 and Th2 differentiation and to a lesser extent the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro. GLPG0634 was well exposed in rodents upon oral dosing, and exposure levels correlated with repression of Mx2 expression in leukocytes. Oral dosing of GLPG0634 in a therapeutic set-up in a collagen-induced arthritis model in rodents resulted in a significant dose-dependent reduction of the disease progression. Paw swelling, bone and cartilage degradation, and levels of inflammatory cytokines were reduced by GLPG0634 treatment. Efficacy of GLPG0634 in the collagen-induced arthritis models was comparable to the results obtained with etanercept. In conclusion, the JAK1 selective inhibitor GLPG0634 is a promising novel therapeutic with potential for oral treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and possibly other immune-inflammatory diseases.
(no mention of long-half life metabolite)
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2013 Aug 27. pii: S0960-894X(13)01022-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.082. [Epub ahead of print]
Design and evaluation of novel 8-oxo-pyridopyrimidine Jak1/2 inhibitors.
Labadie S, Barrett K, Blair WS, Chang C, Deshmukh G, Eigenbrot C, Gibbons P, Johnson A, Kenny JR, Kohli PB, Liimatta M, Lupardus PJ, Shia S, Steffek M, Ubhayakar S, Abbema AV, Zak M.
Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. Electronic address: sharadal@gene.com.
A highly ligand efficient, novel 8-oxo-pyridopyrimidine containing inhibitor of Jak1 and Jak2 isoforms with a pyridone moiety as the hinge-binding motif was discovered. Structure-based design strategies were applied to significantly improve enzyme potency and the polarity of the molecule was adjusted to gain cellular activity. The crystal structures of two representative inhibitors bound to Jak1 were obtained to enable SAR exploration.
(competitors everywhere!) |
