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Re Mohammed, we know he employed scribes to write for him:
Muhammad had scribes write his revelations down for him. One scribe was `Abdullah Ibn Sa'd Ibn Abi Sarh. As Sarh wrote these revelations down, he frequently made suggestions on improving their wording. Muhammad often agreed and allowed the changes to be made. Eventually, Sarh left Islam, knowing it could not be from God if a mere scribe were allowed to change God's word. Later, after the conquest of Mecca, Muhammad ordered Sarh's death.
answering-islam.org
Who were the scribes who wrote the letters of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)?.
Published Date: 2002-08-18
Praise be to Allaah.
Ibn al-Qayyim said:
The scholars of seerah (Prophet’s biography) have mentioned the names of the Sahaabah who used to write down the wahy (revelation) or the letters of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). They were: Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq, ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab, ‘Uthmaan ibn ‘Affaan, ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib, al-Zubayr ibn al-‘Awwaam, ‘Aamir ibn Fuhayrah, ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas, Ubayy ibn Ka’b, ‘Abd-Allaah ibn al-Arqam, Thaabit ibn Qays ibn Shammaas, Hanzalah ibn al-Rabee’ al-Usaydi, al-Mugheerah ibn Shu’bah, ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Rawaahah, Khaalid ibn al-Waleed, Khaalid ibn Sa’eed ibn al-‘Aas (whom it was said was the first one to write down anything for him), Mu’aawiyah ibn Abi Sufyaan and Zayd ibn Thaabit. He requested them to do that and allocated this task to them.
Zaad al-Ma’aad, 1/117
Ibn Muflih al-Hanbali said:
A group of them wrote things down for the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), including Ubayy ibn Ka’b, Zayd ibn Thaabit, ‘Ali, ‘Uthmaan, Hanzalah al-Asadi, Mu’aawiyah, and ‘Abd-Allaah ibn al-Arqam, who was his regular scribe in charge of writing and responding to letters. He was the one who wrote down all the Revelation and whom the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) commanded to learn how to write Syriac so that he could respond on his behalf to those who wrote to him in that language. So he learned it in eighteen days.
Al-Adaab al-Shar’iyyah, 2/161
And Ibn Hajar said:
Al-Qadaa’i said: Zayd ibn Thaabit used to write to the kings on his behalf, as well as writing down the revelation. And al-Zubayr and Jahm used to write down the records of zakaah.
Al-Talkhees al-Habeer, 4/346, 347
https://islamqa.info/en/20968
Let’s take the history of Abdullah ibn Abi Sarh, one of Muhammad’s companions, and for some time scribe and secretary of Muhammad (he had totally around 42 scribes)), he was writing down the Qur’an for Muhammad, but then he recognized that Muhammad was fabricating verses or words. He was quite educated and he was often suggesting to Muhammad how better to write some verses. Muhammad was happy because of that “little” help. Wasn’t it Muhammad that once said that Arabs “are a nation that could not write and do accounting”? He left Muhammad and eventually Islam. He left Mecca, where he told everything to anyone. Muhammad then decided to kill him, even if he had previously promised not to kill anyone in Mecca. Abdullah, for example, told that he was writing “merciful” and “absolute” when Muhammad was saying: “wise” and “strong” (aziz->alim). Muhammad was often corrected by his scribe, that’s why he left Islam. When Mecca was taken by the Muslim Armada, Muhammad decreed a general amnesty, with six exceptions (some say ten as of the list that you can find in Ibn Sa`d "Tabaqat", Vol 2, page 168”). Even if Abdullah didn’t commit any crime, he was in this list. He was captured (he had sought refuge in Uthman’s house which was his foster brother), he pledged not to be killed, and thanks to the intercession of Uthman, being in front of Muhammad (who kept silent for a long wile), he was spared. Ibn Ishaq (Sirah, pg 550) tells us that Muhammad was then asked why Abdullah was left to go. Muhammad replied: I was expecting that one of you would behead him”.
Note: these additions are still in the Qur’an and modern scholars as W. Montgomery Watt ( here) or Richard Bell ( here) have shown that the Qura’nic style is “broken” and was reconciled
Let’s start with the analyzing the tampering of the Qur’an by Uthman:
How about for example if you would discover here or here how Christians, Zoroastrian and ancient Bedouin believes have formed to shape the Qur’an?
And what about, if you would discover facts as ( Link)
- Evidences of changes of the Qur’an before Uthman
- After Uthman
- Hadiths which say that he Qur'an is incomplete
- Hadiths which refer to lost Surahs
- Variants which exist in present-day manuscripts
- The Claim of Muhammad's Perfect Memory
- Scribal and Grammatical Errors in the Qur'an
- About how perfect the Qur’an is: ( Link)
This was just an introductory article about how the Qur’an was hampered by Muslims themselves: If you want to know more if the Qur’an is untouched or if there is an original Arabic Manuscript from which there is a copy: please go to the following Link
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