Cancers (Basel). 2019 Nov 27;11(12). pii: E1883. doi: 10.3390/cancers11121883.
Targeting FAT1 Inhibits Carcinogenesis, Induces Oxidative Stress and Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity through Deregulation of LRP5/WNT2/GSS Signaling Axis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Hsu TN1,2, Huang CM3, Huang CS1,2, Huang MS1,2, Yeh CT4,5, Chao TY4,6,7, Bamodu OA4,5.
1
Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.
2
School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.
3
Department of Otolaryngology, Taitung Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung City 950, Taiwan.
4
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.
5
Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.
6
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.
7
Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) regulates cell-cell adhesion and extracellular matrix architecture, while acting as tumor suppressor or oncogene, context-dependently. Despite implication of FAT1 in several malignancies, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Herein, we document the driver-oncogene role of FAT1, and its mediation of cell-death evasion, proliferation, oncogenicity, and chemoresistance in OSCC. In-silica analyses indicate FAT1 mutations are frequent and drive head-neck SCC, with enhanced expression defining high-risk population and poor prognosis. We demonstrated aberrant FAT1 mRNA and protein expression in OSCC compared with non-cancer tissues, whereas loss-of-FAT1-function attenuates human primary SAS and metastatic HSC-3 OSCC cell viability, without affecting normal primary human gingival fibroblast cells. shFAT1 suppressed PCNA and upregulated BAX/BCL2 ratio in SAS and HSC-3 cells. Moreover, compared with wild-type cells, shFAT1 concomitantly impaired HSC-3 cell migration, invasion, and clonogenicity. Interestingly, while over-expressed FAT1 characterized cisplatin-resistance (CispR), shFAT1 synchronously re-sensitized CispR cells to cisplatin, enhanced glutathione (GSH)/GSH synthetase (GSS)-mediated oxidative stress and deregulated LRP5/WNT2 signaling. Concisely, FAT1 is an actionable driver-oncogene in OSCC and targeting FAT1 in patients with erstwhile cisplatin-resistant OSCC is therapeutically promising. |
