Known unknowns and unknown unknowns abound.VIDEO 506 – Alaric II , eighth king of the Visigoths promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (Breviarium Alaricianum or Lex Romana Visigothorum ), a collection of " Roman law ".880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath : King Louis III is defeated by the Norse Great Heathen Army at Lüneburg Heath in Saxony .962 – Translatio imperii : Pope John XII crowns Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor , the first Holy Roman Emperor in nearly 40 years.1032 – Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor becomes king of Burgundy .1141 – The Battle of Lincoln , at which Stephen, King of England is defeated and captured by the allies of Empress Matilda .1207 – Terra Mariana , eventually comprising present-day Latvia and Estonia , is established.1438 – Nine leaders of the Transylvanian peasant revolt are executed at Torda .1461 – Wars of the Roses : The Battle of Mortimer's Cross is fought in Herefordshire , England.1536 – Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina .1645 – Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Battle of Inverlochy . [1] 1653 – New Amsterdam (later renamed The City of New York) is incorporated. 1709 – Alexander Selkirk is rescued after being shipwrecked on a desert island, inspiring Daniel Defoe 's adventure book Robinson Crusoe .1848 – Mexican–American War : The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed.1850 – Brigham Young declares war on Timpanogos in the Battle at Fort Utah .1868 – Pro-Imperial forces captured Osaka Castle from the Tokugawa shogunate and burned it to the ground.1876 – The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs of Major League Baseball is formed.1887 – In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania the first Groundhog Day is observed.1899 – The Australian Premiers' Conference held in Melbourne decides to locate Australia's capital city, Canberra , between Sydney and Melbourne .1901 – Funeral of Queen Victoria .1909 – The Paris Film Congress opens. An attempt by European producers to form an equivalent to the MPCC cartel in the United States. [2] 1913 – Grand Central Terminal is opened in New York City. 1920 – The Tartu Peace Treaty is signed between Estonia and Russia.1922 – Ulysses by James Joyce is published. 1925 – Serum run to Nome : Dog sleds reach Nome, Alaska with diphtheria serum, inspiring the Iditarod race. 1934 – The Export-Import Bank of the United States is incorporated.1935 – Leonarde Keeler administers polygraph tests to two murder suspects, the first time polygraph evidence was admitted in U.S. courts.Osvald Group is responsible for the first, active event of anti-Nazi resistance in Norway, to protest the inauguration of Vidkun Quisling .1943 – World War II : The Battle of Stalingrad comes to an end when Soviet troops accept the surrender of the last organized German troops in the city.1959 – Nine experienced ski hikers in the northern Ural Mountains in the Soviet Union die under mysterious circumstances .1966 – Pakistan suggests a six-point agenda with Kashmir after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 .1971 – Idi Amin replaces President Milton Obote as leader of Uganda ..Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands is signed in Ramsar, Mazandaran , Iran .1980 – Reports surface that the FBI is targeting allegedly corrupt Congressmen in the Abscam operation.1982 – Hama massacre : The government of Syria attacks the town of Hama .1987 – After the 1986 People Power Revolution , the Philippines enacts a new constitution .1989 – Soviet–Afghan War : The last Soviet armoured column leaves Kabul .1990 – Apartheid : F. W. de Klerk announces the unbanning of the African National Congress and promises to release Nelson Mandela .2000 – First digital cinema projection in Europe (Paris) realized by Philippe Binant with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments .2004 – Swiss tennis player Roger Federer becomes the No. 1 ranked men's singles player , a position he will hold for a record 237 weeks .2005 – The Government of Canada introduces the Civil Marriage Act . This legislation would become law on July 20 , 2005, legalizing same-sex marriage .
