Looking at OLED efficiency, I discussed LGD’s phosphorescent/fluorescent blue tandem OLED, which offers a 15% improvement in efficiency compared to a conventional tandem. Tandem OLEDs have had little penetration to date due to their high cost. This solution should be even more expensive, so it is not expected to take much share. Buyers are waiting on a single-stack high-efficiency blue. Visionox launched the industry’s first high-efficiency blue OLED, which appears in the vivo IQOO Neo 10 using a hyperfluorescence (HF) solution with a fluorescent blue dopant and a TADF sensitizer. It showed a 10% increase in luminous efficiency and a 22% increase in lifetime. 10% is nice, but there is room for further improvement if there is better optimization. One theme is that companies are not just investigating phosphorescent for blue but HF as well. BOE has demonstrated a tandem TADF HF green solution. In addition, on the show floor, Tianma showed HF green using a fluorescent dopant and a phosphorescent sensitizer for cost and performance reasons. Cost can be lower as the volume of material when phosphorescent is used as a sensitizer is much less than when used as a dopant. I showed that at least 12 companies are working on high-efficiency blue consisting of phosphorescent, TADF, HF, HLCT and other solutions. I then explained how HF worked and that there are now a large number of HF combinations with TADF or phosphorescent as a sensitizer and fluorescent, TADF and phosphorescent as a dopant. Why haven’t we seen single-stack phosphorescent blue in production yet? I weighed in on this as well, indicating that it is primarily related to the higher triplet energy levels, higher than red or green and TADF blue, which leads to faster chemical degradation, bond breaking and shorter lifetimes. I concluded that it is too early to say which high-efficiency solution will win in the end, although HF does appear to have a number of advantages today.