Trump, in a Move With Little Precedent, Says He Is Firing a Fed Governor
President Trump told Lisa Cook that he had found sufficient cause “to remove you from your position.” Ms. Cook and her lawyer said they would fight the firing.
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Lisa Cook has served on the Federal Reserve Board of Governors since 2022.Credit...Brittany Greeson for The New York Times
  
By Tony Romm Colby Smith and Ben Casselman
Aug. 25, 2025
President Trump said on Monday that he was taking the extraordinary step of removing Lisa Cook from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, in a legally dubious maneuver that could undermine the independence of the nation’s central bank.
Mr. Trump justified the firing, which he said was effective immediately, by pointing to allegations that Ms. Cook may have falsified records to obtain favorable terms on a mortgage. But Ms. Cook and her lawyer vowed to fight her dismissal, maintaining that the president did not have the grounds to oust her.
Ms. Cook has not been charged with wrongdoing or convicted of a crime. In the days before Mr. Trump attempted to remove her, the president had made no secret about his desire to remake the roster of the Fed, as he savaged its members, including Jerome H. Powell, the chair, for keeping interest rates too high.
By targeting Ms. Cook, Mr. Trump appeared to set the stage for a landmark battle that could define the limits of his power over the Fed. Many legal experts raised serious concerns late Monday with the manner of Ms. Cook’s dismissal, and the president’s justification for doing so, as they warned that Mr. Trump’s intervention could compromise an institution at the heart of the economy with damaging results.
In a letter posted to social media, Mr. Trump said the allegations of mortgage fraud undermined Ms. Cook, who was confirmed by the Senate in 2022 as the first Black woman to serve on the Fed’s board. The president claimed she could not perform as an effective financial regulator, as he invoked a power in the Fed’s founding statute that allows him to fire governors for cause.
In a statement released through her lawyer on Monday evening, Ms. Cook said that “no cause exists under the law” for Mr. Trump to fire her.
“I will not resign,” she said. “I will continue to carry out my duties to help the American economy as I have been doing since 2022.”
Ms. Cook’s lawyer, Abbe Lowell, added: “We will take whatever actions are needed to prevent” her firing.
With Ms. Cook’s dismissal, Mr. Trump could effectively stand to gain a majority soon at the Fed, one composed of members he has appointed to the posts, with Mr. Powell’s term set to expire next year.
Peter Conti-Brown, a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, said it would spell “the end of central bank independence as we know it” if Mr. Trump were to prevail, adding: “The president will run riot over the Federal Reserve by using the formidable resources of the U.S. government against our own central bank.”
Read Trump’s Directive Firing Lisa CookThe president said in a letter on Monday that he was removing the Federal Reserve governor from her duties, effective immediately.
Read Document 1 page
The allegations against Ms. Cook came from Bill Pulte, the director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, who has spent weeks fanning Mr. Trump’s ire against the Fed over its approach to monetary policy. Mr. Pulte for months similarly drummed up accusations against Mr. Powell, accusing him of mismanaging a renovation of the Fed’s headquarters, while privately at one point urging the president to fire him.
Mr. Pulte specifically claimed that Ms. Cook had committed mortgage fraud, alleging that she improperly designated both a condominium in Atlanta and a home in Ann Arbor, Mich., as her primary residence when taking out loans. In doing so, Mr. Pulte said, Ms. Cook had “falsified bank documents and property records” in a way that allowed her to obtain a lower interest rate.
Unveiling his findings over a week of social media posts and television interviews, Mr. Pulte referred the case to the Justice Department, which opened a criminal investigation at his request, and he urged Mr. Trump to fire Ms. Cook, which the president later said he would do if she did not depart on her own.
By focusing on Ms. Cook’s mortgages, in particular, Mr. Pulte’s tactics fit an emerging pattern of political retribution. Both he and Mr. Trump have trotted out similar allegations of fraud against the president’s perceived enemies, including Senator Adam B. Schiff of California, who as a Democratic representative led congressional inquiries into Mr. Trump during his first term, and Letitia James, the New York State attorney general, who won a civil fraud trial against Mr. Trump before he returned to office.
By Monday, the president seized on the allegations to dismiss Ms. Cook, telling her in a letter posted to Truth Social that the accusations of mortgage fraud were sufficient “to remove you from your position.”
Under the Federal Reserve Act, the law that charters the central bank, Mr. Trump may dismiss a governor only if he can demonstrate cause, typically defined as professional neglect or malfeasance. In recent days, legal experts have questioned whether the president could satisfy that burden, given the fact that the allegations against Ms. Cook have not been proved in court and involve personal matters.
But Mr. Trump sought to make the case.
“The Federal Reserve has tremendous responsibility for setting interest rates and regulating reserve and member banks,” he said in his letter. “The American people must be able to have full confidence in the honesty of the members entrusted with setting policy and overseeing the Federal Reserve. In light of your deceitful and potentially criminal conduct in a financial matter, they cannot and I do not have such confidence in your integrity.”
Lev Menand, a professor at Columbia Law School and former economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, said Ms. Cook’s dismissal appeared at first glance to be an “illegal firing,” since it did not appear that the president provided proper notice and allowed her an “opportunity to be heard.”
“I think that central bank independence was hanging by a thread before this,” Mr. Menand said, adding that the risks stood only to grow.
The Fed occupies a unique and defining role in the economy, assigned to monitor inflation and keep watch over the labor market. With Ms. Cook’s departure, Mr. Trump could appoint a new loyalist to the critical board who shares his desire for a swift and dramatic reduction in interest rates, even though economists fear that a premature reduction could cause severe damage.
“The illegal attempt to fire Lisa Cook is the latest example of a desperate president searching for a scapegoat to cover for his own failure to lower costs for Americans,” Senator Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, said in a statement. “It’s an authoritarian power grab that blatantly violates the Federal Reserve Act, and must be overturned in court.”
In her sole comments, issued in a statement last week, Ms. Cook said she had “no intention of being bullied to step down from my position,” but pledged to “answer any legitimate questions and provide the facts.”
Her departure nonetheless would create a second vacancy for Mr. Trump to fill on the seven-member Federal Reserve Board, after another governor, Adriana Kugler, resigned unexpectedly earlier in August. The president has nominated Stephen Miran, currently the chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers, to fulfill Ms. Kugler’s term, which concludes in January. Both posts require Senate confirmation.
A correction was made on
Aug. 25, 2025
: An earlier version of this article misstated when Lisa Cook issued a statement on efforts to remove her. She issued it last week, not this week.
When we learn of a mistake, we acknowledge it with a correction. If you spot an error, please let us know at nytnews@nytimes.com. Learn more
Tony Romm is a reporter covering economic policy and the Trump administration for The Times, based in Washington.
Colby Smith covers the Federal Reserve and the U.S. economy for The Times.
Ben Casselman is the chief economics correspondent for The Times. He has reported on the economy for nearly 20 years.
See more on: U.S. Politics, Federal Reserve (The Fed), Donald Trump, Jerome Powell
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