| Seabridge Gold's KSM Tunnel Authorizations Face Third Legal Challenge from Tudor Gold It Seeks to Void Licence of Occupation 
 newsfilecorp.com
 
 October 07, 2025 7:00 AM EDT | Source:  Seabridge Gold Inc.
 
 Toronto, Ontario--(Newsfile Corp. - October 7, 2025) - Seabridge Gold  Inc. (TSX: SEA) (NYSE: SA) (the "Company") announced today that Tudor  Gold Corp. ("Tudor") has filed a Petition in the British Columbia  Supreme Court against the British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and  Resource Stewardship ("WLRS") and the Company and the Company's  wholly-owned subsidiary that owns 100% of the KSM Project, KSM Mining  ULC (together with the Company, "Seabridge"), seeking judicial review of  the September, 2024, determination by WLRS to grant a Licence of  Occupation ("2024 LoO") across mineral claims that are part of Tudor's  Treaty Creek Property (the "Treaty Project Claims") for the construction  and operation of the KSM Project's Mitchell Treaty Tunnels ("MTT").
 
 The  2024 LoO provides Seabridge with the right to occupy a narrow corridor  in which it proposes to construct and operate the MTT.  The 2024 LoO was  a replacement of a prior Licence of Occupation that had been issued to  Seabridge in 2014 over the same land.  The MTT are two 23 km long  parallel tunnels planned to connect the east and west sides of the KSM  Project Mine Site.  Approximately 12.5 km of the MTT route pass through  the Treaty Project Claims.
 
 In its Petition, Tudor is seeking  declarations that: (1) a Licence of Occupation cannot interfere with the  rights of a mineral claims holder; (2) all provisions of the 2024 LoO  that grant Seabridge rights across the Treaty Project Claims are severed  from the 2024 LoO; and, (3) an order quashing WLRS's decision to grant  the 2024 LoO.  The Petition includes an allegation that WLRS's decision  to grant the 2024 LoO was procedurally unfair or unreasonable.  The  Petition also asserts that construction of the MTT requires Seabridge to  have a right to the Treaty Project Claims since, according to Tudor:  "If constructed according to its current plan, the MTT will destroy the  economic viability of the Treaty Creek Project and remove all reasonable  uses of Tudor's property."
 
 As a mineral claims holder, Tudor owns  the rights to the minerals within the area of its mineral claims.   However, the land that the Treaty Project Claims covers is land owned by  the Province of British Columbia.  The terms of the 2024 LoO are  designed to protect Tudor's rights to the minerals within its claims;  requiring Seabridge to store the small amount of material excavated  during MTT construction within the Treaty Project Claims under Tudor's  ownership.  Construction of the MTT is similar to construction of roads,  pipelines, railways, or other infrastructure across public land.  In  its Petition, Tudor is essentially asserting that the Province can't  authorize the construction of infrastructure through land owned by the  Province if there is a mineral claim covering it.  If true, that would  render large portions of British Columbia unavailable for construction  of infrastructure without the consent of mineral claims holders.  The  statutory regime is not set up that way.
 
 "In granting the 2024  LoO, WLRS has exercised its discretion to support the KSM Project, which  has its environmental assessment approvals, a pre-feasibility study  demonstrating economic viability, substantial investments in early  construction and many permits for construction of infrastructure,  including portions of the MTT. KSM has therefore been determined to be  in the interests of British Columbia.  Considering that the Treaty Creek  Project not only does not have environmental assessment approvals or a  preliminary economic assessment, but has not even articulated a  comprehensive project development plan, I am confident that WLRS has  acted appropriately in authorizing Seabridge to use Provincial land for  the MTT," said Seabridge's Chair and CEO, Rudi Fronk.  He added: "We  have attempted to find terms to avoid a conflict like this with Tudor,  but their demands have been unreasonable.  Tudor now has three  concurrent, separate legal actions all directed at voiding  authorizations for the MTT.  In our view, if Tudor thinks it must bring  three separate legal actions, it probably lacks confidence in the  success of any one of them."
 
 For reference, here are our news releases of  July 14, 2025 and  October 3, 2025 responding to Tudor's previous MTT challenges.
 
 The  2024 LoO is currently unaffected by the filing of the Petition and will  remain in place if the Province and the Company successfully defend the  2024 LoO.
 
 About Seabridge Gold
 
 Seabridge  holds a 100% interest in several North American gold projects.  Seabridge's principal asset, the KSM project, and its Iskut project, are  located in Northwest British Columbia, Canada's "Golden Triangle", the  Courageous Lake project located in Canada's Northwest Territories, the  Snowstorm project in the Getchell Gold Belt of Northern Nevada and the 3  Aces project set in the Yukon Territory. For a full breakdown of  Seabridge's Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources by category please  visit the Company's website at api.newsfilecorp.com.
 
 Neither  the Toronto Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange, nor their  Regulation Services Providers accepts responsibility for the adequacy or  accuracy of this release.
 
 ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD
 "Rudi Fronk"
 Chair & C.E.O.
 
 For further information please contact:
 Rudi P. Fronk, Chair and C.E.O.
 Tel: (416) 367-9292   •  Fax: (416) 367-2711
 Email:   info@seabridgegold.com
 
 
  SOURCE:  Seabridge Gold Inc. |