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| Tesla (TSLA) | Automotive | Bought ~$1.5B BTC (2021), later sold most | Still holds some Bitcoin |
| MicroStrategy (MSTR) | Software / Analytics | Holds >200,000 BTC | Largest corporate BTC holder |
| Marathon Digital (MARA) | Mining | Operates Bitcoin mining farms | Publicly traded |
| Riot Platforms (RIOT) | Mining | Large U.S. mining operator | Texas-based |
| Block (SQ) | Fintech (Cash App) | Holds BTC, offers Bitcoin payments | Founded by Jack Dorsey |
| PayPal (PYPL) | Fintech | Offers crypto buying, selling, & payments | Expanding stablecoin (PYUSD) |
| Coinbase (COIN) | Exchange | Publicly traded crypto exchange | Custodian for many ETFs |
| Robinhood (HOOD) | Brokerage | Offers crypto trading | Holds >$3B in customer BTC |
| BlackRock (BLK) | Asset Management | Issued Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) | World’s largest asset manager |
| Fidelity (FMR) | Investment | Offers BTC/ETH in retirement plans | Major ETF issuer |
| Nvidia (NVDA) | AI / Hardware | Indirect exposure via GPU demand | Mining & AI overlap |
| IBM | Tech / Blockchain | Created IBM Blockchain (Hyperledger) | Used by supply chains |
| Amazon (AMZN) | Tech / Retail | AWS blockchain services | Exploring stablecoin payments |
| Google (GOOG) | Tech | Allows crypto ads & wallet integration | Partnered with Coinbase Cloud |
| Microsoft (MSFT) | Tech | Accepts Bitcoin for Xbox credits | Blockchain patents / Azure |
| PepsiCo (PEP) | Consumer Goods | Pilot blockchain for supply tracking | No direct BTC holdings |
| Coca-Cola (KO) | Consumer Goods | Uses blockchain for supply chain (SAP) | Tested crypto marketing NFTs |
| Visa (V) | Payments | Crypto debit cards, USDC settlement | Works with Coinbase, Circle |
| Mastercard (MA) | Payments | Crypto card partnerships, blockchain ID | Partnered with Binance, etc. |
| JPMorgan Chase (JPM) | Banking | JPM Coin for settlements | Heavy blockchain R&D |
| Goldman Sachs (GS) | Banking | Crypto trading desk | Institutional crypto products |
| BNY Mellon | Banking | Offers crypto custody | Works with Circle & Chainalysis |
| Citigroup (C) | Banking | Blockchain-based trade finance | Tokenized deposits pilot |
| Santander | Banking | Uses Ripple for payments | Early blockchain adopter |
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| El Salvador | National Government | Legalized Bitcoin as currency (2021) | Holds >5,000 BTC |
| United States | National Government | Regulates and auctions seized BTC | Holds ~200,000 BTC (seized) |
| Hong Kong (SAR) | Gov’t / Regulatory | Licensed crypto ETFs & exchanges | Becoming Asia’s crypto hub |
| Singapore | Gov’t / Central Bank (MAS) | Supports blockchain pilots | Regulated exchange framework |
| United Arab Emirates (Dubai, Abu Dhabi) | Gov’t | Blockchain strategy 2030 | Allows crypto-free zones |
| Switzerland | Gov’t / Canton Zug | “Crypto Valley” | Allows BTC tax payments |
| Japan | Gov’t / FSA | Fully legal crypto exchange system | Early adopter |
| South Korea | Gov’t | National digital asset registry (2025) | K-Coin pilot in progress |
| Brazil | Gov’t / Central Bank | Launched digital real (CBDC) | Crypto taxation laws passed |
| Canada | Gov’t | Approved world’s first BTC ETF (2021) | Pension funds invested |
| Norway Sovereign Wealth Fund | Gov’t Fund | Indirect BTC exposure via MicroStrategy | Holds crypto-linked equities |
| Ukraine | Gov’t | Accepts crypto donations | Blockchain transparency project |
| China | Gov’t | Banned crypto but launched e-CNY (CBDC) | World’s most advanced CBDC |
| European Union | Multi-nation | MiCA regulation in effect | Stablecoin legal clarity (2024–2025) |
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| BlackRock IBIT ETF | BTC Spot ETF | Largest Bitcoin ETF by AUM |
| Fidelity Wise Origin ETF (FBTC) | BTC Spot ETF | U.S. spot ETF |
| ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF (ARKB) | BTC Spot ETF | Cathie Wood fund |
| Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) | BTC fund | Now converted to ETF |
| Vanguard (via equities) | Indirect exposure | Through Coinbase, Nvidia |
| Temasek (Singapore) | Venture | Invested in Circle, Binance |
| SoftBank | Venture | Backed blockchain startups |
| Andreessen Horowitz (a16z Crypto) | Venture | Massive Web3 portfolio |
| Sequoia Capital | Venture | Blockchain & AI convergence |
