Extreme Temperature Diary- Monday November 18th, 2025/Main Topic: Iran’s Snow Cover Plummets 98.6% as Water Crisis Deepens – Guy On Climate
Dear Diary. One of my greatest fears as a climate scientist is that the climate across the Himalayas and other mountain chains across southern Asia will warm so quickly that various countries in that area of the world will not have enough time to adapt to change. Giant reservoirs of water through dams that have already be built probably won’t be sufficient enough to trap diminishing water coming from decreased Himalayan snow and ice cover to meet the demands of thirsty populations stretching from Iraq through Iran into Pakistan, India and western China. Regional conflict, or water wars could be a horrible end result.
Yesterday I Iearnd that Iran is undergoing a drought such that near 99% of its typical snow cover for this time of the year is missing. That’s not surprising since reports of record heat have been coming from Iran and surrounding countries for much of 2025. For the rest of the 2020s going into the 2030s I suspect that precipitation events across the southern Asian region will remain highly variable with drought continuing interspersed with severe flooding events as occurred in Pakistan during 2023. I will keep my readers abreast on these phenomena as we go through time.
Here are more details from bne IntelliNews:
bne IntelliNews – Iran’s snow cover plummets 98.6% as water crisis deepens
 Snowfall collapse in Iran / bne IntelliNews
By bnm Tehran bureau November 17, 2025
New satellite data from Iran indicates a dramatic decline in snow cover across the country’s highlands, fueling concerns about intensifying water shortages already impacting Tehran and other cities, ISNA reported on November 17.
According to the newly released statistics, the volume of snow recorded across the country is 98.6% lower than the same period in 2024 and 99.8% below the 20-year average — figures that experts describe as “unprecedented decline.”
The sharp reduction in snowpack directly threatens inflows to dams and rivers, with implications for drinking water supplies in major cities during the summer. Officials warn of possible restrictions, pressure drops and even periodic cuts. Agriculture is also at risk, as diminished surface water could reduce cultivated areas and crop yields.
As surface resources dwindle, reliance on underground aquifers is expected to rise, increasing the danger of land subsidence, falling well discharge and the drying of qanats. Experts caution that reduced snow cover will also leave soils drier, accelerate erosion, create new dust hotspots and disrupt aquatic ecosystems and wildlife habitats.
The depletion of snow reserves severely undermines water sustainability, and if the trend continues, analysts warn of mounting water tensions, constraints on development and even population displacement in some regions.
Iran’s water reserves are already under unprecedented strain. Mohammad Javanbakht, Deputy Energy Minister and head of the Iran Water Resources Management Company, described the state of the country’s dams as “worrying,” noting that many of the main reservoirs supplying drinking water to cities are experiencing record low levels.
He reported that Kamal-Saleh Dam, the source of Arak’s drinking water, has effectively run dry, while Tehran’s four principal dams have reached conditions unseen in their operational history.
Meanwhile, the Shahid Kazemi Dam in Boukan, which in wet years received more than 1bn cubic metres of inflow, has this year taken in only 307mn cubic metres. The Doosti Dam, a key source for Mashhad, is in a similar state, with its storage volume now below 5%.
Latest figures show that a significant number of dams currently hold only the minimum water required to maintain structural stability — volumes that play no role in supplying households, agriculture or industry.
Iranian scientists have concluded that Iran’s water resources face a precarious situation which, if prolonged, could have far-reaching consequences for national water security.
They stress that managing the crisis will require meticulous planning, stronger infrastructure and stricter consumption policies. Without decisive action, the looming shortage is expected not only to intensify in the coming year but also to undermine the sustainable provision of drinking water, agriculture and urban development.
Across the country the situation of water resources appears to be heading into dangerous territory, with data from western provinces near Iraq also indicating that drought is the long term projection even during the winter period.
According to a new report by government-linked Tasnim News Agency on November 17 only 30% of Kurdistan province’s dam capacity remains filled with water following five consecutive drought periods, the head of the province’s Regional Water Company said.
Arash Arianzhad said the province, which spans three river basins, faces severe water stress in drinking water supply. Dam storage has fallen 25 percentage points from 55% in the previous water year, he said.
“After five consecutive drought periods, Kurdistan province unfortunately faces very severe water stress in drinking water supply,” Arianzhad said.
The water year began in September, but precipitation has fallen short of requirements, with inflows to dams declining and reservoir volumes at their lowest levels, the Regional Water Company head said.
Rainfall has decreased 30% compared to the previous water year across the province, whilst some areas have experienced drops of 57% to 60%, Arianzhad said. He expressed hope that upcoming precipitation would compensate for some shortfalls.
The Iran-Iraq border town of Baneh faces particular challenges, with the Abbas-Abad and Baneh dams unable to provide 330,000 cubic metres of water for drinking supplies.
A water transfer project from Saqqez’s Cheragh-Veys Dam to Baneh operates in three shifts to address the shortage in the shortest time possible, Arianzhad said.
Here are some “ET’s” recorded from around the planet the last couple of days, their consequences, and some extreme temperature outlooks, as well as any extreme precipitation reports
twitter.com
Expect this list to grow: Three of the top 5 deadliest heat waves in world history have been in Europe in the past five years. "Mitigating further global warming can reduce heat mortality, but mass mortality events remain plausible at near-future temperatures despite current adaptations to heat." — Dr. Jeff Masters (@drjeffmasters.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T17:16:05.493Z
Concerning: for a high emissions scenario, the model found a 37% increase in daily extreme precipitation over land by 2100. “Much of the increase was driven by shifts in wind patterns that created chains of severe thunderstorms hundreds of kilometers long that traditional models fail to capture.” — Dr. Jeff Masters (@drjeffmasters.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T15:40:58.680Z
My last research project showed that many mammals now live in climates different from the ones they occupied for thousands of years.
Publishing it made me realize how often important science stays inaccessible
and why I now focus on sharing it clearly.
Full story ↓
🧪 #SciComm
buff.ly/WMgl3kB — Silvia Pineda-Munoz, PhD - Climate Ages (@climateages.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T15:24:48.028Z
The Arctic is warming at a rate up to four times faster than the planet as a whole and has lost a third of its sea ice volume in just two decades: buff.ly/rFu7XgR
There is a no time to wait. #ActOnClimate
#climate #energy #renewables #GreenNewDeal — Mike Hudema (@mikehudema.bsky.social) 2025-11-17T19:07:04.638Z
We need to do better in the Pyrocene age: At 176 California homes, "most had little compulsory or recommended mitigations completed. Participants struggled with hazards that required frequent maintenance, including woodpiles, propane tanks, trees and shrubs, roof and gutter and deck debris." — Dr. Jeff Masters (@drjeffmasters.bsky.social) 2025-11-17T16:58:12.554Z
They are so ashamed:)
Follow me on YouTube for more videos…
youtube.com/shorts/sr9U0... — Jeff Berardelli (@weatherprof.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T16:13:46.507Z
GERMANY: “Drained peatlands today cause more CO2 emissions than all global air travel combined — which is why farmers in Germany are experimenting with rewetting these areas.” www.dw.com/en/german-fa... - DW
#CarbonDioxideEmissions #Climate #ClimateChange #GlobalWarming #Peatlands #Wetlands — BC Wildfire Weekly - Wildfires + More (@bcwildfirewkly.bsky.social) 2025-11-17T21:00:16.060Z
Nominations are open for the next Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity, @cgf-uk.bsky.social 🏆
€1 million award for individuals or organizations that accelerate proven, impactful #climate action benefiting people & planet
Please nominate & repost this if your followers work in the #climatechange sphere: — Erik Hoffner (@erikhoffner.bsky.social) 2025-11-17T15:21:17.224Z
Fee-fi-fo-fum the Polar Vortex is about to come undone! 😳
That typically means wild weather/ big time cold to follow!
But wait, don’t head for the hills just yet. I assure you the sky won’t fall.
Seriously though, you’re bound to hear about this, and the science is fascinating, so let’s dig in… 1/ — Jeff Berardelli (@weatherprof.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T00:13:26.214Z
This is how our forecast Polar Vortex Breakdown - Sudden Stratospheric Warming - plays out over the next 2 weeks ~20 miles aloft, as per the GFS model. This top and bottom comparison is a good visual on how breakdown occurs…
1/ — Jeff Berardelli (@weatherprof.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T12:59:12.764Z
Global investments in energy transition reached new record of $2.4 trillion in 2024 – 20% increase from average annual levels of 2022/23.
1/3 for #RenewableEnergy, pushing #renewables investment to $807 billion.
www.irena.org/News/pressre... — Dr Paul Dorfman (@drpauldorfman.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T10:51:22.371Z
Renewable energy is cheaper and healthier – so why isn’t it replacing fossil fuels faster?
theconversation.com/renewable-en... — Dr Paul Dorfman (@drpauldorfman.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T10:47:33.299Z
'#Russia’s #nuclear brinkmanship — reckless gamble that began with its occupation of #Ukraine’s #Zaporizhzhia'
Each day of continued operation increases the probability of mechanical failure.
www.ft.com/content/9313... — Dr Paul Dorfman (@drpauldorfman.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T10:45:33.498Z
Nuclear corruption.
2020, Speaker of Ohio House arrested with four others for “the largest bribery money-laundering scheme ever perpetrated against the people of the state of Ohio.” $61 million dark money to guarantee $1.5 billion #nuclear bailout.
beyondnuclearinternational.org/2025/11/13/e... — Dr Paul Dorfman (@drpauldorfman.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T10:42:58.849Z
In the latest Current Climate newsletter:
⚡️Data centers, crypto mining to push electricity costs even higher in 2026
🚘 Tesla’s engineering exodus
🚛 Helping the electric truck market expand #renewableenergy #climate www.forbes.com/sites/curren... — Alan Ohnsman (@aohnsman.bsky.social) 2025-11-17T16:22:21.653Z
Thanks @financialtimes.com for choosing #ScienceUnderSiege as one "Best Books of 2025"
www.ft.com/content/af55... — Michael E. Mann (@michaelemann.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T16:10:43.668Z
'US tested #nuclear weapons at Nevada, releasing large quantities of radioactive fallout, afflicting its own population. People exposed to fallout became known as “downwinders” and faced health problems.'
www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2... — Dr Paul Dorfman (@drpauldorfman.bsky.social) 2025-11-18T10:32:25.804Z
This really is @albomp.bsky.social ‘s legacy and the biggest red flag about the @australianlabor.bsky.social government’s fake position on #climate and #environment. Our #food systems were once a strength and our waterways once a tourism magnet.
Not good for #health or #business. #auspol — Kate-Eviva (@kate-eviva.bsky.social) 2025-11-16T22:41:12.549Z
France’s birds start to show signs of recovery after bee-harming pesticide ban
www.theguardian.com/environment/... — Dr Paul Dorfman (@drpauldorfman.bsky.social) 2025-11-17T18:26:32.431Z
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