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Biotech / Medical : Ligand (LGND) Breakout!

LGND 202.51

-1.7%

3:24 PM EST

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To: Henry Niman who wrote (19138)	4/26/1998 8:11:00 PM
From: WTDEC	of 32384

Henry, Ligand had excellent summaries of the two technology platforms in the annual report. I have reproduced one here and the other in the next post for the benefit of those who don't have the report or would like a handy reference. I think they give a good sense of the huge potential which Ligand is now actualizing. Regards, Walter LIGAND'S TWO PLATFORM TECHNOLOGIES LIGAND'S INTRACELLULAR RECEPTOR TECHNOLOGY/RETINOIDS Retinoids are a class of compounds that include non-peptide hormones that are metabolites of vitamin A and structurally related compounds, that act on the same biological pathways as these hormones. Retinoids instruct the body's cells to grow or to stop growing. In 1985, a series of discoveries by Ligand's scientific founder, Dr. Ronald Evans of the Salk Institute, led to a clearer understanding of the way retinoids and other hormones exert their powerful effects. Evans found that retinoids enter a target cell and bind to specific members of a class of receptors inside the cell --- intracellular receptors (IRs). The binding of a retinoid to an IR occurs in a "lock and key" fashion. The activity of retinoids can be traced to this interaction. Like other non-peptide hormones, retinoids enter cells, bind to specific IRs and activate (or "unlock") gene transcription within the nucleus. This results in increased or decreased cellular activity that can impact the proliferation, differentiation and death of cells. Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are two sub-classes of IRs. Activities of these receptors modulate a number of functions important in cancer cell biology. The RARs appear to control cell growth and differentiation --- the degree to which a cell displays specialized characteristics. RXRs control a host of endocrine pathways, including a process called apoptosis, a natural process of cellular suicide which rids the body of unwanted cells. Activation of various combinations of RARs and RXRs by different retinoids produces distinct responses in the body. There are three types of RARs and three types of RXRs. The availability of these six receptors as potential binding partners for retinoids accounts for their versatility in treating a variety of conditions. This intracellular technology in one of Ligand's two core technologies. Intracellular receptors account for about 80 percent of the drug targets Ligand currently has under active development. ---Source: LIGAND 1997 ANNUAL REPORT --Page 9

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