Details on Calypte's Urine Test for HIV
Here are a few abstracts of some interesting studies showing importance of Calypte test:
medicine.nature.com
Nature Medicine, Volume 3 Number 11 - November 1997 articles
Increased sensitivity of HIV-1 antibody detection
Howard B. Urnovitz, Jerrilyn C. Sturge & Toby D. Gottfried
Calypte Biomedical, 1440 Fourth Street, Berkeley, California 94710, USA
e-mail: hervdoc@aol.com
Correspondence should be addressed to H.B.U.
Clinical trial results from 11,344 paired urine and serum samples revealed 1,181 HIV-1-positive individuals confirmed by western blot (WB). There were 25 discrepant samples: 10 were urine enzyme immunassay (EIA) and WB positive, serum non-reactive and serum WB negative or indeterminate, and 15 were serum EIA and WB positive, urine EIA non-reactive or urine WB negative or indeterminate. Serum samples, HIV-1 antibody WB confirmed, revealed a 99.15% sensitivity (1,171 out of 1,181); urine samples, HIV-1 antibody WB confirmed, showed a 98.73% sensitivity (1,166 out of 1,181). This study demonstrated that neither serum nor urine results alone are as sensitive for HIV-1 antibody detection as combined results of both samples.
medicine.nature.com
Nature Medicine, Volume 3 Number 11 - November 1997 articles
HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity in HIV-seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive individuals
Sandra Mazzoli1, Daria Trabattoni2, Sergio Lo Caputo1, Stefania Piconi3, Claudio Bl‚1, Francesca Meacci1, Stefania Ruzzante2, Alessanda Salvi1, Francesca Semplici1, Renato Longhi4, Maria Luisa Fusi2, Nadia Tofani1, Mara Biasin2, Maria Luisa Villa2, Francesco Mazzotta1 & Mario Clerici2
1Centro M.S.T./ U.O. Malattie Infettive, Ospedale S.M. Annunziata, A.S.L. 10, 50100, Florence, Italy 2Cattedra di Immunologia, Padiglione L.I.T.A., Universit… degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy 3I
Divisione di Malattie Infettive, Ospedale L. Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy 4Istituto di Chimica degli Ormoni, C.N.R., Via M. Bianco, 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
Correspondence should be addressed to M.C.
HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity was analyzed in heterosexual couples discordant for HIV status in serum and in HIV-unexposed controls. HIV-specific IgA but not IgG was present in
urine and vaginal wash samples from HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (ESN), whereas both IgA and IgG were observed in their HIV-seropositive partners; antibodies were not detected in low-risk controls. Envelope protein (Env) peptide-stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected in 9 out of 16 ESNs, 5 out of 16 HIV-infected patients and 1 out of 50 controls. Env peptide-stimulated PBMCs of ESNs produced more IL-2 and less IL-10 compared with those of HIV-infected individuals; no differences were observed in chemokine production or in CCR5 expression. These data demonstrate that a compartmentalized immune response to pathogens is possible in humans and raise the possibility of protective roles for cell-mediated immunity and mucosal IgA in
HIV-seronegative individuals exposed to HIV.
The Lancet, Volume 342 - December 11, 1993, pages 1458-59
7 individuals who were negative for HIV-1 antibody in a licensed serum enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were positive in a urine EIA and western blot (WB). Follow-up in individuals by use of a cell-mediated immune response showed 1 positive and 1 negative for HIV-1 peptide reactivity. In a second study, 4 out of 5 subjects positive by urine EIA and indeterminate or negative by serum WB were HIV-1 peptide positive in the cell-mediated immune test. Comparison of cell-mediated responses with urine antibody responses may help to resolve discrepant HIV-1 results. |
