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To: Sir Auric Goldfinger who wrote (245)	3/18/1999 1:47:00 AM
From: Greg from Edmonton	Read Replies (2) of 5790

Popular Science honors combo starter-alternator Roundel, January 1999, Page 21 E46 (1999 3-series BMW) integrated starter / alternator A combination crankshaft starter-alternator and the 3 Series received awards in Popular Science magazine's annual "Best of What's New" awards. The new 3 Series sedans were the Grand Award winner in the Car category and the crankshaft alternator was the Grand Award winner in the Automotive Technology category. The crankshaft starter alternator (CSA) is a three-phase-current asynchronous machine operating both as the starter and the alternator in a car. Integrated into the engine / transmission block, this unique starter / alternator actually sits between the engine and the transmission right on the crankshaft. BMW developed the CSA jointly with ISAD-Systems, a specialist company in Cologne, with additional development work done by Bosch and Siemens. BMW says the CSA is better than separate starters and alternators for three reasons: Quieter Start: The starter no longer incorporates a mechanical unit (starter pinion) required to fall into mesh, reducing or eliminating starter noise. Quicker Start: The CSA quickly revs the engine up to high speeds and, BMW says, reduces emissions in the starting phase. It might be paired with future, unannounced concepts that would further reduce startup emissions. Economy: BMW says the CSA runs more efficiently even while generating more than adequate power for accessories. BMW has tested this technology as far back as 1933/34 but it wasn't practical with then-available technologies. The combined starter / power generator actually reached production in the BMW 700; known at the time as the Dynastart unit, the generator was available in the 1950s and 1960s, working passably well on small engines then.

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