To: Alex who wrote (35743 ) 6/23/1999 2:36:00 PM From: hunchback Respond to of 117013
Thanks, it was a good read during lunch. Daily Economic Commentary Tuesday, June 22, 1999 Whatever Happened To The 1998 Real Fed Funds Rate Argument? You remember this one, don't you? The FOMC had implicitly tightened policy through the first nine months of 1998 by holding the nominal fed funds rate constant in the face of declining consumer inflation. This pushed up the real fed funds rate. For all of 1997, the real fed funds rate - defined here as the nominal funds rate minus the y/y% change in the all-items CPI - averaged 3.12%. Over the first nine months of 1998, the real fed funds rate averaged 3.97% -- 85 b.p. higher than in 1997. But as the chart below shows, despite this hefty rise in the real fed funds rate, real GDP growth hardly missed a beat, except for the GM-strike effect in 1998:Q2. You might argue, I suppose, that had the real fed funds rate not risen, real GDP growth would have been even stronger. But that wasn't the argument being made by the Fed and many of the economic forecasting cognoscenti at the time. They were arguing that real economic growth was going to slow absolutely, not relatively, because of the rise in the real fed funds rate brought about by lower inflation. How many times did you read last year that the economy was going to slow because Fed policy was getting tighter by virtue of a falling consumer inflation rate? As of May, the real fed funds rate stood at 2.65% -- 132 b.p. lower than its average over the first nine months of 1998, and its lowest since March 1997. If you still are a believer in the real fed funds rate indicator of monetary policy, then you ought to be forecasting an increase in the real fed funds rate - through some combination of a higher nominal funds rate and/or a lower inflation rate - in excess of 132 b.p. if you also believe that Greenspan is serious about slowing economic growth to 3%. All else the same, a falling inflation rate not only increases the real fed funds rate, but also the real M2 money supply. The last time I looked, real M2 was a component of the index of leading economic indicators. The real fed funds rate was not. On an annual average basis, CPI-adjusted M2 was up 5.74% in 1998 vs. its 2.56% increase in 1997. The 1998 CPI-adjusted M2 increase was the largest since 1986. In 1998, the behavior of real M2 seemed to be more consistent with the behavior of real GDP than did that of the real fed funds rate. In fact, if one ever took the time to actually test the GDP-forecasting ability of real M2 and the real fed funds rate, one would find that the real M2 beats the real fed funds rate hands down. (Go to the link if you like charts)ntrs.com hunchback