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To: Ilaine who wrote (30505)6/30/1999 1:02:00 PM
From: nihil  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 71178
 
Too hard a question. "Flourish" is a relative word. Arab and Byzantine scholars did little but collect ideas from others, but originated very little. A little bit of algebra, but the medicine was merely curlicues on Galen. The unfolding of the Renaissance, the entry into Europe through Spain, the rebirth of Roman law, of academic medicine and science depends on many individual efforts, rather than any general collective effort led by institutions like the Church. Prince Henriques sponsored explorations were critical, along with the maritime inventions that were necessary. The Turkish invasions turned commerce to the west. And yes, a group of individual geniuses working on their own (Leonardo, Michelangelo, Kopernick, Tycho, Cardano, Vesalius, Columbus) looked out in space, and into man, and created the modern world.



To: Ilaine who wrote (30505)7/2/1999 12:54:00 PM
From: JF Quinnelly  Respond to of 71178
 
Byzantium was, of course, the Christian empire of the East. A large part of the problem in the West was the social and political chaos that afflicted the region for 400 years after the Fall of Rome. There were significant technological and agricultural advances in the monasteries that remained outposts of civilization in the Dark Ages. Those have been offered as precursors for the modern corporation. They began the use of the clock, of organization, production, planning.