To: Ruffian who wrote (40285 ) 9/9/1999 11:49:00 PM From: T L Comiskey Respond to of 152472
Mp...fuel cell article.......Ask any cell phone user what the major drawback of the devices is, and you?ll almost certainly hear ?service cutoffs.? A close second would be ?battery life.? Service improves almost daily, as satellites and relay stations fill in the blank spots on the cell phone map. The second drawback has proven more difficult to change: batteries must be small enough to fit in wallet-sized phones, which means they must be recharged often. And as cell phones morph into handheld personal digital assistants ? incorporating Net access, e-mail, and other computing functions ? the need for more battery power becomes more acute. Now, advances in the technology of portable fuel cells may usher in a new era of mobile communications. ?We see fuel cell technology playing a significant role in the way Americans use electronics and electricity,? says Marvin Maslow, president and CEO of Manhattan Scientifics Inc., which is funding research into powering portable electronics. Recharging From the Hip A handful of researchers are developing miniaturized fuel cell technology, a clean-burning energy source that until recently was too bulky even for automobiles. Manhattan Scientifics? technology guru is Robert Hockaday, a physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico who took a leave of absence from his job to work in his basement developing fuel cell technology. Hockaday no longer works from his basement. In 1998 Manhattan Scientifics gave his company, Energy Related Devices Inc., $1 million to expand his research in exchange for the rights to market his new technology. Last December, Hockaday and his team ran its first successful test, operating a cell phone for 24 hours on fuel cell power. ?It works,? says Hockaday, who owns two patents on fuel cell technology. ?It?s now just a matter of boosting the power supply.? Hockaday?s invention isn?t a replacement for the battery; he has designed a holster with a built-in fuel cell that will boost and recharge the lithium-ion batteries used in cellular telephones. He promises cell phone power for 100 hours of talk time and for use on standby for 40 days. The battery-booster holster will be small enough to clip onto a belt and will be designed for current cellular telephones. Manhattan Scientifics hopes to integrate fuel cells into batteries to power a range of portable electronic devices, from notebook computers to power tools and more. Homes, Cars, Laptops Fuel cells produce energy by removing electrons from hydrogen fuel and transporting them to oxygen, via electrodes and an electrical circuit. A conventional fuel cell was a mechanical assembly of plates that required pumps to run. This device and other parts of the fuel cell were too large and expensive for uses other than interplanetary travel. Hockaday?s version uses a superthin plastic film etched with pores as a substrate for high surface-area catalytic electrodes. He uses processes similar to those for the manufacture of computer chips to connect many cells on the plastic film. The fuel for Hockaday?s power cells is a combination of water and methanol, sold in liquid form in a small ampul. Fuel cells also are generating increased attention from the automotive industry. Major manufacturers such as Ford and DaimlerChrysler recently have invested in fuel cell technology. In 1998 researchers in Latham, N.Y., used fuel cells to provide all the power for a home. According to Scientific American, the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems in Freiburg, Germany, in conjunction with Siemens PC Systeme, has developed a prototype fuel cell for laptop computers. Former U.S. Energy Secretary Federico R. Pe¤a predicted last year in an interview with The New York Times that, ?We?re going to see fuel cells in homes, cars and other uses much sooner than we had predicted.? The ?Animal? Model Hockaday tried unsuccessfully for years to attract a backer for his fuel cell venture. He finally succeeded when he met with Marvin Maslow at Los Alamos. Four months later, Maslow came up with $1 million for the inventor. ?I didn?t understand all the details of the fuel cell technology, but Bob really impressed me with his determination and entrepreneurial spirit,? Maslow says. ?And that?s what I invest in, people. People are what makes technology happen.? Hockaday sees fuel cells as a key component for a day when electronics travel on their stomachs, so to speak. ?Presently, electronic devices derive their power from a place ? a source for electricity or recharging ? much like plants derive power from photosynthesis,? he explains. ?In the ?animal? model, electronics are mobile; you can carry the energy source. That?s a fundamental change in the way electronics are energized.?