To: jbe who wrote (1297 ) 11/9/1999 4:37:00 PM From: Neocon Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 3246
That is very good, Joan, and more of the sort of argument I was hoping for. I agree that one cannot confine the phenomena entirely to the 20th century. On the other hand, it is unlikely that the misery experienced by the small percentage of persons in the early proletariat exceeded by much the misery common to many of the peasantry for centuries, and therefore it is difficult to determine the net "misery index". Industrialization progressed during the century, but even in this country, it was not until the 20th century that most people lived in cities and were employed in non- farm occupations, and of course, the greatest labor strife (such as Homestead) occurred as a result, as did the most extensive urban slums... As for Darwinism, Matthew Arnold was among the elite who knew enough to be troubled by it. It was not until the next century that it became a commonplace, for example, with the Scopes trial... The growth of nationalism and establishment of empire? These did not convulse strongly until the next century, with the growth of fascism and the restiveness of Third World elites.... I am using unsettlement in an objective sense, actually. In a traditional society, much is settled, including the lore to be learned and believed, the latitude with which dissent will be met, the social order and one's place in it, and so forth. In the modern world, the "taken for grantedness of tradition" is gone, and even adherence to tradition is a choice. The old ways are subjected to new examination even in the process of defending them, a degree of revision is inevitable, and there is continual adjustment and adaptation. For example, my mother is of English and Italian descent, was raised a Catholic, married a Jew, was divorced, went back to the Catholic Church. One brother was raised a Jew for the first 7 or 8 years of his life, then a Catholic, and is now an Evangelical. His wife is African- American, and they belong to a predominantly black church. The priest who officiated at my grandmother's funeral is a Palestinian who grew up in a Catholic household on the West Bank. He emigrated to the United States, and now is the pastor of a parish in Anacostia, with a dwindling, aging population, reasonably integrated. These are all the kind of situations that become commonplace is the modern world. Choice and examination is good, in many ways, but there is also frequently disorientation and anxiety, in trying to negotiate one's way through all of these changes.....