OT? MTIC has been moving up a lot lately. Anyone who listened to the CC knows that they have some hybrid NAS-SAN products that may be a viable alternative to NTAP and remember that they own a stake in Caldera........... some Linux links...............
techweb.com
Linux Targets The Data Center Oliver Rist
Like Randy Moss to the NFL or Leonardo DiCaprio to Hollywood, Linux is definitely the fair-haired golden child, flavor of the moment to the computer industry. But like every operating system issue, the question of where and when to use this talented new-comer has become a debate of near religious zealotry in most camps.
We've asked ourselves the "Where and why Linux?" question a number of times and have come to the same conclusions favored by most of those not caught on one side or the other of the Microsoft-Linux jihad. Namely, that Linux is great for niche serving applications (just as it has been for years), is making inroads as a stand-alone network-serving platform, but is still not really a viable option for general-purpose business desktop computing.
So when the topic of testing Linux distributions cropped up, we had to decide on our focus very carefully. After some debate, we decided to check out only commercial Linux distributions and test them with an eye toward standard-network and Web-serving suitability. Basically, do these distributions have what the average IT manager is looking for in terms of a standardized server platform?
We had a number of players in this category, but when the dust settled, our submissions had narrowed to Caldera's OpenLinux 2.3, a late entry from Corel of its Linux beta, Red Hat's version 6.1 Deluxe, SuSE version 6.1 and the new TurboLinux Server 4.0. We originally wanted to run a general Linux distribution-either the latest versions of Slackware or Debian-through the same paces, but our testing time ran out. (Look for something on this in an upcoming "View From the Bunker" column.)
Overall, we were impressed by how far Linux had come in such a short while, yet surprised at the turn that commercial Linux distributors are taking. Even though we made it clear that this was a server-oriented review, Corel still entered what is obviously a beta distribution aimed at desktop users. Red Hat also sent only its Deluxe version, not the Professional version, which includes more in the way of server applications. And while Caldera claims it can run just as well in either configuration, it's obviously aimed more at the desktop user as well. SuSE seems to be entirely neutral on the question, while only TurboLinux sent a distribution aimed solely at network serving.
We pondered the meaning of this result for some time. Does it mean that commercial Linux vendors have decided the data center is conquered so they can concentrate on the desktop? Or is Linux still such a niche product that only true geek desktops are expected to run it?
We've all been confronted by Linux converts claiming that there is nothing this operating system can't do on the network. But if commercial distributors have bought into this claim, they're sorely mistaken. Strictly speaking, you can find a Linux application for almost anything you might want to do-either network- or desktop-oriented. Finding the application isn't the problem; however, getting it to smoothly integrate with the rest of your network is the real obstacle.
Backup and restore, for example, is a major sore point in the Linux camp. This round of Linux distributions saw all the vendors quickly pointing to bundled back-up utilities like BRU 2000 or Knox Software's Arkeia. True, these applications do back up and restore Linux servers, but they won't integrate with most existing back-up frameworks designed for Windows NT or NetWare, especially the big names like ArcServe. That means network administrators will need to redesign any automatic back-up plans they have in place to include a work-around for new Linux servers.
Remote management is another example of Linux's flawed integration. Red Hat managed to release something along these lines in the new 6.1 version, but that's the first time we've seen any kind of support for this capability under the Linux OS.
Considering that companies like Cobalt, Compaq, HP, Rave and VA Research are offering these systems mostly in rack-oriented configurations, remote management should be paramount. (See page 50 for a review of machines from Rave Systems and VA Research.) But Cobalt offers only a proprietary Web-based utility to this effect, while Red Hat's is also proprietary, and neither can compare with what you can do under Solaris or using third-party utilities for Windows NT/2000.
While these results show that Linux still has a way to go as a seamless corporate-serving platform, that's not to say it hasn't made strides. All the distributions we saw here, save possibly the one from SuSE, took pains to make sure the software was easily able to connect to a network and interact with file systems based on Windows or NFS. We would like to see a bit more support for native NetWare in this regard, but overall we had very little trouble getting these distributions working in our test network.
Basic tasks like drag-and-drop file-sharing are now commonplace, and even print-sharing is easier. Graphical configuration tools and much-improved native documentation across the board have gone a long way toward taking the frustration factor out of Linux. Hooking Windows-based clients up to Linux servers has also become easier, with distributions like Red Hat and TurboLinux Server making this a completely invisible process on the client side and a simple one on the server side.
Is Linux ready for a higher profile on your network? For those looking down the barrel of a costly Windows 2000 migration, now is a perfect time to ask that question. Our reviews and the features table on page 58 will help you make this decision.
In general, our testing showed that Linux is certainly ready as a general-purpose network server for midsized businesses, as long as they are willing to embrace the platform wholeheartedly.
Enterprise-class networks, with concerns such as large-scale automated back-up and disaster recovery plans, as well as sizable in-vestments in custom Windows applications, will probably still have to relegate Linux use to niche services only. Linux's day is coming, but it's not quite here yet.
Can You Live With Linux?
Our testing this time around shows that Linux has come a long way since we first reviewed it in these pages. It's even come a long way since we last wrote about its efficacy in the corporate network. But has it come far enough to make it ready for widespread corporate deployment? Frankly, yes and no-which is a step up from what we would have said even just a few months ago.
The problem with Linux is not functionality. Today, there is a large library of applications that will handle most popular PC tasks, and the operating system itself is becoming reasonably reliable by corporate standards. But old problems continue to raise their heads. Samba, for example, while powerful can still cause you problems unless you know what you're doing.
That's a headache that most network managers don't need-especially since they're being told that critical Linux network functions are here, only to find out upon closer examination that most are still maturing. These include SMP, clustering, integrated server and network management, and even hardware issues like support for RAID, gigabit ethernet and multimedia. Most distributions have attacked these problems, but no distribution is foolproof.
That means that dropping Linux into your data center as anything other than a niche server appliance is still an individual decision. If you like tweaking your kernel and can maintain that on a corporate service level, if your support staff and budget can withstand the technical support costs, if your application set can be migrated or combined with Linux-bound versions, if your hardware and software inventory don't present any major problems, well, then Linux could very well be for you.
This may sound like we're against Linux on a widespread basis in the enterprise. We're not. Linux can make an invaluable contribution to many businesses if used properly. It's powerful, very fast, extremely stable once configured and still a fraction of the cost of Windows. But if you have a business looking to you to keep its network running smoothly, you still need to look long and hard before you leap.
Caldera OpenLinux 2.3
We've reviewed previous versions of OpenLinux, but version 2.3 is by far the slickest and most polished distribution we've seen. Caldera has delivered a world-class Linux product with this release-as long as you're looking to use Linux on the desktop rather than the server. And unfortunately, this is a server-oriented roundup.
Don't get us wrong, OpenLinux can easily run as a server, and most of the core building blocks you'll need are included in the box-the Apache Web server, the SendMail e-mail server and Samba for heterogeneous network connectivity as well as file and print-sharing. But although these building blocks are present, the software is definitely more geared toward the personal user rather than the server.
Installation is one example of this trend. Off the bat, Caldera has spent a lot of time perfecting OpenLinux's ability to easily run on a dual Windows-Linux system. You can even start installing the OS from within Windows, and OpenLinux will automatically take care of partitioning your hard disk for you.
Additionally, Caldera has done a fine job of incorporating support for sound and video card drivers with the Lizard installation tool, making this one of the easiest install processes we've seen. But how often do you want to run any network server in a dual-boot configuration?
As you might have guessed, we had no trouble installing Caldera on our Windows 98-based HP Pavilion test workstation. As advertised, the installation process ran fine from within Windows and had us up and running in a dual-boot configuration in just under a half hour. Caldera has also included 1.3 GB worth of additional Linux software on its CDs, much of it devoted to personal computing. You'll find trial versions of Applixware 4.4.2, Netscape Communicator 4.61, StarOffice 5.1, Corel WordPerfect 8, the KDE desktop as well as the KDE Themes manager with 80 bundled themes, and more.
On the server side, you'll also find a Linux client for Netware and a nice Java virtual machine, as well as a new back-up and restore utility integrated directly into the KDE desktop.
Again, these are largely workstation-oriented tools. Even the manual seems to give more attention to personal dial-up IP networking than it does to LAN-based networking. The manual's Samba documentation was far from in-depth as was its coverage of internetworking with NetWare or Windows NT, adding new server tools or running NFS.
Installing the software on our Compaq ProLiant 800 server predictably proved more difficult than on the Pavilion. Most of the installation went fine, though you'll have an easier time if you ensure that your system is capable of booting from a CD-ROM. Caldera has made this a little easier by offering users a list of preconfigured installation scenarios, including all packages, business workstation, network server and others. We chose network server and were rewarded with an installation process that took only what most servers required and left the rest up to us.
The software easily identified most of our system components, including both Pentium 350 MHz CPUs, the video subsystem and our CD-ROM drive. It also recognized both our 9.1 GB SCSI hard disks, but balked at Compaq's Netelligent 10/100 network interface. Though we searched Compaq's and Caldera's sites for a Netelligent driver, we couldn't find one and had to use a Linksys 10/100 PCI card instead.
Once that card was installed, it was as smooth as silk with IP address and gateway designations being an entirely menu-drive process.
Unlike Red Hat, Caldera includes its own Caldera OpenLinux Administration Software (COAS) utility. While this tool is much easier to use than Red Hat's Linuxconf utility, it's also not quite as deep. On the upside, it has some nice touches, like the fact that you can access COAS from any local account and the software will simply prompt you for the root password instead of forcing a separate login that way.
Compared to a distribution like Red Hat, OpenLinux comes up short in the server department. Though the basic tools are there, you'll almost certainly have to add administrative or even functional modules to get what you need. Additionally, Caldera's after-sale support for OpenLinux isn't close to what Red Hat provides, and its manuals aren't in the same league either.
On the other hand, installation and polish really were amazing, and it only costs a fraction of Red Hat's price. If you know what you're doing with Linux, you'll have no trouble tweaking Caldera to your needs.
Corel Linux Beta
Our experience with Corel's Linux beta CD was mixed to say the least. The company's apparent raison d'etre is to create the easiest to use Linux distribution on the market. In that, we'd say it is well on its way. As it has based this product on Debian Linux (one of the more stable distributions), Corel has done an admirable job of making its version not only easy for network administrators, but downright usable right into the home market.
Unfortunately, this review wasn't aimed at the home market, but rather the aforementioned network administrator. And that person is left out in the cold for the moment as far as Corel is concerned. During installation, Corel offers users a choice of four basic install scenarios: typical desktop, development desktop and two forms of network server. That's too bad for us, as the two forms of server installations were still unavailable in this version of the beta. We opted for the development desktop as a close substitute.
We also had some hardware complaints, but we're fairly sure that most of these are beta troubles you won't find in the final release. For one thing, the system balked at being installed on our Compaq ProLiant 800 when we attempted to make it share that platform with Windows NT. Turns out that while the software supports a dual-boot installation, Corel has not included a partitioning device on the CD.
Once we used PowerQuest Corp.'s Partition Magic to repartition our drives manually, our installation went along fine-right up until it hit our Netelligent network interface, at which point we had trouble again. This time, however, even our Linksys card wouldn't install, and we had to move to an Intel Pro 10/100 NIC to solve the problem.
Running the software on our HP Pavilion proved different from the server, but it was still fraught with its own troubles. This time, our ATI Rage 128 video card wasn't supported in the base installer. We still got the OS up and running by choosing default VGA, and we soon found ourselves in the KDE desktop from which we figured we could install the ATI drivers manually. Not so. These drivers aren't included on the Corel beta CD at all, apparently, because the company is using an older form of XFree86-not a critical error as you can still install those modules from another source, but Corel had better work out this problem in the final release.
On its own, Corel's version of the KDE desktop is fairly standard, which disappointed us as we hoped to see more in the way of user enhancements to suit the target audience. The overall look of the desktop, however, has been changed for Windows users.
Corel did point out a few other enhancements along this line, including a new system administration event viewer that records all system messages as they occur and a new Package Manager that lets users automatically update their existing Linux applications via this GUI. These are nice, but not earth-shattering. What we really liked was the new Corel File Manager for KDE. Using it, however, required connecting our system to the test network and its resident Windows NT and NetWare 5 server volumes. This didn't prove to be much of a problem, though basic network connectivity was more automated in the Caldera distribution. Once connected, the new file manager allows users to drag and drop files directly from Windows NT, FTP or Linux network drives. We were unable to connect this way to NetWare, which is not supported in the system's documentation.
Bundled applications are another weak spot this time around, as we got only Corel's WordPerfect 8 for Linux and the Netscape Communicator suite. Corel promises to deliver more in the way of bundled productivity and server applications in its final release.
Overall, we can see where the company wants to go with this package, and though it doesn't entirely succeed in this prereleased version, the company is well on its way. Corel says it will include both a partitioning module as well as automatic PCI-bus hardware recognition in the final version, which could make this the easiest to use Linux distribution available. Add a realistic number of server applications and technical support, and Corel could be a very big player.
Red Hat Linux 6.1
As far as commercial Linux distributions go, Red Hat has been king for quite some time, and version 6.1 only continues this trend, especially in the server arena. In a major oversight, however, the company chose to send us only the prepackaged version of Red Hat 6.1 Deluxe, rather than the Professional version. The Professional version includes: Server Bonus Package, a three-CD set with demo versions of 3Rsoft's MailStudio, HP's WebQoS for Apache, IBM's WebSphere applications server; Knox Software's Arkeia back-up utility; Sophos Anti-Virus; WebTrends Enterprise Reporting Server and full versions of Intershop, IBM DB2 and Lutris Technologies' Enhydra Java/XML applications server.
The Deluxe version has plenty of bite as a server: Apache, SendMail and the other usual server applications, new support for LDAP authentication, Pentium II optimized kernels, both KDE and GNOME, automatic hardware ISA/PCI detection at boot and an automatic Red Hat Update Agent, which seamlessly keeps you up to date on new Red Hat versions.
One big downside to Red Hat is the price, with the Deluxe version costing more than $100 and the Update Agent an added cost option running $59 for 90 days or $109 for 180. But while this is expensive by Linux standards, it's still a far cry from Windows NT's base price, especially when you consider the licensing agreements. But while Red Hat's base licensing is pretty favorable, be sure to read the agreements for the bundled application software as these do vary.
Red Hat was the only distribution we saw that gave us absolutely no installation hassles whatsoever-server or workstation. In the Caldera and Corel trend, Red Hat has moved to a graphical installer that pops up soon after you boot from the CD-ROM or the boot floppy. The installer is based on a low-resolution X screen, which quickly presents you with the familiar basic hardware configuration choices followed by your choice of installation package: GNOME or KDE workstation, basic server or custom as well as upgrading from an older version of Red Hat.
Overall, this makes for a smooth installation process, though Caldera does (and Corel will) edge ahead here somewhat as Red Hat is still a bit more difficult than necessary. For one thing, Caldera will let you start your installation from inside an existing Windows environment and automatically partition your disk into a dual-boot configuration.
Red Hat has no such ability-either the ability to install from within Windows or its own partitioning device. There is a separate Disk Druid utility that can be used to this effect, but it's not very user-friendly, and it also isn't integrated with the installer.
Red Hat's automatic hardware detection kicked in quickly, detecting all our hard disks, CD-ROM drives and NICs. But if you were expecting Windows Plug-and-Play type functionality, you'll be disappointed. This ability exists mainly to let you know what kind of hardware is present, not the actual brand name or other specifics. The software had no trouble making use of either the Compaq's Netelligent interface nor the Linksys card we had running in the Pavilion.
Once hardware and desktop choices were handled, Red Hat provided us with a list of application types in a file manager-like interface. Basically, this is new graphical version of Red Hat's popular Red Hat Package Manager (RPM). Click on KDE, for example, and the installer moves you to a list of KDE applications from which you can choose.
Everything on the included bonus CDs is installed this way, which is a bit time-consuming, but not very difficult. We hooked up our Pavilion to our Lexmark laser printer that way and installed Sun's StarOffice and a couple of other development packages. On the Compaq, we chose to install SMB, NFS, FTP and Apache. We even had support for RAID in the Deluxe version, though our Compaq's hard disks weren't configured in this manner.
Once your desktop is up and running, system administration is handled mainly from Red Hat's Linuxconf utility, which is a much meatier admin utility than what we found in most of the other distributions. The program allows administrators to easily add and delete users, and manage passwords and permissions as well as pretty much all local network settings.
In a very nice step up from any other Linux distribution we've seen, you can use Linuxconf to do remote administration over the Internet. This is a feature that has been sorely lacking in Linux servers, and although this interface needs some work in the usability department, it's nevertheless thorough enough to be very useful with some practice.
Overall, Red Hat stood out as the obvious choice for enterprise-class Linux serving. Its feature set in this regard is further bolstered by Red Hat's peerless technical support. No other Linux distribution has Red Hat's level of support, either online or via the phone. And while Red Hat support calls cost almost as much as Microsoft's, that shouldn't be a barrier in the corporate world. For rock-solid Linux servers right now, Red Hat is definitely the way to go.
SuSE Linux 6.1
By the time you read this, SuSE may have released version 6.2. Even so, SuSE has released some information on the new version, including that it will be running the 2.2.10 Linux kernel and that it will ship with more than 1,300 compatible applications. The library alone makes it worth the $49 price tag. Since that version wasn't available, we tested SuSE 6.1.
In our testing, we found SuSE 6.1 to be the closest to a true open Linux distribution, which is to say that we found it to have the roughest edges in the review, barring only the Corel beta entry.
For one thing, it looks as though SuSE basically just dropped as many third-party Linux applications as it could find onto its library CDs. Because of this, your hard disk requirements can vary from 80 MB to more than 4 GB. Unfortunately, it doesn't look as though SuSE has done much in the way of testing these applications under its own distribution. We had to do some software tweaking even to get things like Apache running smoothly.
One area where SuSE has done proprietary development is in the installation routine. SuSE's installer is called YaST, and while it's not as attractive as Red Hat's installer, it is certainly thorough. It allows you not only to install the software, but also to configure initial users and groups as well as partition your hard disk. But while it steps ahead of Red Hat in the partitioning department, it still is nowhere near Caldera in terms of ease of installation. It does not let you begin an installation from within Windows, and while it does let you partition your hard disk, it doesn't offer any assistance in configuring a system for dual-boot usage.
To install its horde of bundled applications, SuSE actually relies on the older version of Red Hat's RPM. Where the new version of Red Hat provides a more graphical, file manager-oriented interface to install its applications, SuSE's older RPM version simply lists all its applications in a menu-like structure, which allows you to scroll through and pick your desired applications by name. Frankly, while the new RPM is more colorful and somewhat better organized, we found it took us less time to configure SuSE using the older RPM.
You can choose between GNOME or KDE desktops or even just a standard X-Windows interface, but SuSE has done little if anything to customize these environments for users. Included desktop utilities are entirely your decision (to be made during the RPM stage), and you'll need to know on your own whether that particular application is better optimized for KDE or GNOME.
SuSE installed just fine on our Compaq ProLiant 800 server platform, discovering everything except the NIC (no surprise there). With the Netelligent card out of the running, we once again dropped the Linksys card into the server and had no hardware-related problems.
But the Pavilion never did come up to our satisfaction. We did get the base OS installed, but we never managed to get it out of default VGA mode even though we installed the proper modules for the ATI Rage 128 several times. Sound support was also never established, even though both Caldera and Corel have automated this process.
Support is a definite shortcoming with SuSE, and certainly is a key reason that this distribution reminds us of standard open Linux distributions like Slackware. Basically, while SuSE includes a mediocre manual, phone support is a lost cause. And while there is some information on SuSE's Web site, it's nowhere near as in-depth as what you'll find on Red Hat's. Worse yet, many pages refer you to specific topical pages that are written only in SuSE's native German language. This is definitely not what stranded network managers are looking for.
Overall, SuSE is an option only if you are a very experienced Linux administrator. Both hardware configuration as well as system administration will require more tweaking and knowledge of Linux as a technology than in competing distributions.
On the upside, this is a good candidate if you're looking to purchase a distribution with a truly large library of supporting applications, and SuSE includes enough development tools to make building your own Linux kernel for development purposes fairly easy. And it's got the nicest price of the bunch.
TurboLinux Server 4.0
Like Red Hat software, TurboLinux means business when it comes to serving with Linux. Known until now for its TurboLinux Workstation product, this Far East company has recently released not only a new server-oriented distribution, but also a separate, high-end Linux-clustering product.
While we were not able to test a fully shrink-wrapped version of TurboLinux Server 4.0, we did get a release candidate with final documentation and software libraries. All in all, the package does not ship with as many third-party software options as Red Hat, but it definitely ships with everything you will need, and we had no trouble using these applications after installation.
Unlike Red Hat, TurboLinux has a command line-driven installation program, not a pretty GUI. Even so, though, the product's install really isn't all that difficult, especially if you pay attention to the surprisingly good documentation. TurboLinux even supports automatic ISA, PCI and SCSI device detection, just like Red Hat. Though this isn't quite in the league of Windows Plug 'n Play, it is still a significant step up from old-fashioned Linux installs.
The software also has excellent hardware support, including support for SMP and support for a variety of SCSI as well as RAID adapters. We had no trouble installing the software on our Compaq ProLiant 800 test server-it even found the elusive Netelligent networking card. Even though TurboLinux makes another product for workstation installs, we decided to try to install Server on our HP Pavilion. Again, we had no trouble until we hit the video and sound card mess. TurboLinux's install did include proprietary tools specifically to handle these tasks, but even this wasn't enough for our poor Review Bunker efforts as far as sound was concerned. Our Pavilion remained silent, although we did eventually get the ATI Rage 128 to run properly.
TurboLinux Server includes a wide variety of server-oriented application software, including Samba, BRU 2000, LDAP directory support, as well as DNS, DHCP and NFS server support. It even has built-in UPS support.
On the Web front, TurboLinux includes a variety of mail, FTP and news servers, but its preferred HTTP server is still Apache. Before you can install these applications, you'll need to finish configuring your desktop environment. Surprisingly, this is one commercial Linux distribution that offers neither the GNOME nor KDE desktops, but its own TurboDesk environment instead.
Overall, we liked the TurboDesk environment, but we failed to see a real need for it in the face of your ability to customize interfaces like GNOME or KDE. TurboLinux has done an excellent job of integrating its own tools and utilities into TurboDesk, but after four other Linux installs, we were getting tired of new desktop environments.
We also wish that TurboLinux had consolidated its configuration and administration utilities a bit more like Red Hat has done with its Linuxconf utility. TurboLinux has all these capabilities, but you'll need to jump around to different utilities to use them: TurboNetCfg to configure networking; TurboPkg, which is actually an add-on for RPM; TurboWMCfg to configure the TurboDesk desktop; TurboPPPCfg to configure PPP networking; and a bunch more. This isn't really as much of a liability as it is an inconvenience and a speed bump in your initial learning curve.
TurboLinux also provides some measure of technical support post-installation. However, its 60 days of qualified e-mail support still pales in comparison to Red Hat's more mature-if more expensive-offerings.
Overall, we found TurboLinux to be equivalent to Red Hat version 6.1, though it fell a bit behind in terms of additional software offerings, some hardware support and certainly technical support. For those who require Chinese or Japanese Linux ports, TurboLinux is not only an excellent choice, it's the only choice we know of. n
Oliver Rist is contributing technical editor at InternetWeek and technical director at Grand Central Networks Labs. He can be reached at orist@cmp.com.
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caldera
Caldera OpenLinux 2.3
Caldera Systems
Orem, Utah
www.calderasystems.com
888-465-4689; 801-765-4999
List price: $49.95; $19.95 as an upgrade from previous version
Hits: Excellent installation and slickly polished interface; good application support for workstations
Misses: Not aimed quite as strongly at server space as at workstations; thin documentation and little support
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Corel Linux (beta)
Corel Corp.
Ottawa, Canada
800-772-6735
www.corel.com
List price: Undecided at press time; predicted around $100
Hits: Super easy installation and very Windows-like desktop interface; good productivity tools
Misses: This version not intended as a server; little support; fairly high price
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Red Hat version 6.1
Red Hat Inc.
Durham, N.C.
888-733-4281
www.redhat.com
List price: Standard, $29.95; Deluxe, $79.95; Professional, $149.95
Hits: Rock-solid Linux server platform with loads of well-tested server applications and excellent hardware compatibility and technical support
Misses: High price tag; slightly bumpy installation and disk partitioning process
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SuSE version 6.1
SuSE Inc.
Oakland, Calif.
888-875-4689
www.suse.com
List price: $29.95 retail for version 6.1; version 6.2 listed at $49.95.
Hits: Huge software library; decent documentation
Misses: Little technical support; some difficulty with hardware compatibility
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TurboLinux Server version 4.0
TurboLinux Inc.
Brisbane, Calif.
650-244-7777
www.turbolinux.com
List price: $199.95
Hits: Well suited for network serving; good hardware compatibility and good documentation
Misses: Needs better |