To: Jim Bishop who wrote (7527 ) 11/23/1999 12:42:00 AM From: Ga Bard Respond to of 9440
OK if you want to respond to the SEc here is the questions. Maybe we can discuss the answers and post what a god answer would be. Never know when you put a bunch of heads together. Q1. Does Rule 10a-1 permit relatively unrestricted short selling in an advancing market? If not, please provide specific examples to demonstrate that this objective is not currently met. Q2. Does more short selling occur in an advancing market or a declining one? Q3. Should the threshold price for suspending the tick test be the previous closing price of the security? Q4. Should the threshold price correlate to a point change or a percentage change in the price of a security? Q5. Would volatile markets create complexity for this structure as short sellers must continually take into account the market price of the security to determine whether short selling is restricted? Q6. If the security's price moves below the threshold price, should the tick test remain in effect during the trading session even if the price subsequently moves above the threshold price? Q7. Is there another price or manner of determining a more effective threshold for this purpose? Q8. Could a short seller initiate downward momentum on the price of a security through short selling down to the threshold price? If so, could this momentum cause the depressing effect on the market for a security that Rule 10a-1 is intended to prevent? Q9. Is it appropriate or preferable to base short sale regulation on general market movements, rather than the price of individual securities? Q10. Are highly liquid securities less vulnerable to the abuses that Rule 10a-1 is designed to prevent? Q11. Are the Regulation M requirements for liquidity under the exception in Rule 101(c)(1) adequate standards for this purpose? If not, what values would work better for this purpose? Q12. Rule 10a-1 is not focused solely on preventing manipulative activity. Is it appropriate to use these anti-manipulation approaches in the short sale context? Q13. Are there corporate events (e.g., mergers, acquisitions, or tender offers) that make a security vulnerable to abusive short selling? Q14. Are there other cyclical, or regular market events (e.g., option expiration dates or the opening and closing of a trading session) that make a security vulnerable to abusive short selling? Q15. Are there other trading abuses or manipulations involving short sales under unusual market conditions that Rule 10a-1 currently does not address? If so, could the Rule be amended to prevent these abuses? Q16. Should short selling be prohibited for a period preceding a significant corporate or market event? Q17. If the Rule was eliminated, should restrictions continue to apply preceding a significant corporate or market event? Q19. Should the Commission exclude hedged short positions for the purposes of determining what a person's net position is under Rule 3b-3? Q20. Should long stock positions that are fully hedged be excluded from the calculation of a person's net position in that stock? Q21. Should a broad exception covering short sales offset by equivalent securities be proposed? If so, what securities should be considered equivalent? Q22. Is "economic neutrality" the proper basis for such an exception? If not, what types of relationships (using a short hedge) that appear to be economically neutral present a potential for manipulation that Rule 10a-1 is designed to prevent? Q23. Should an exception for hedging transactions be limited to transactions or positions that involve a complete hedge? If so, how should a complete hedge be defined and measured? Q24. What type of surveillance should the Commission consider for monitoring short sales conducted as part of economically neutral transactions? Q25. If the Consolidated Tape does not operate during after hours trading, should we consider adopting an exception to permit each ATS to use the last transaction in its system as the reference price? Q26. What impact would multiple permissible prices at which short sales could be executed have on the effectiveness of short sale regulation? Q27. If a number of ATSs all operated using their internal prices for Rule 10a-1 compliance, each could produce a different "closing" price at the close of trading on the ATS. How would multiple after-hours "last sale" prices affect the first trade in the morning trading session when the Consolidated Tape recommences operation? Q28. How did the recent decrease in the MPV from 1/8 to 1/16 affect short selling? Q29. How will the potential use of a smaller MPV affect the operation of Rule 10a-1? Q30. Is a price change as small as one penny per share the type of market impact that the short sale rule is designed to prevent? Q31. Would the use of a smaller MPV support modifying or eliminating Rule 10a-1? Q32. Should Rule 10a-1 be altered to remain effective with respect to smaller MPV? Q33. Should we consider changing the definition of "short sale" to reduce the need to aggregate positions within a single entity? Please describe other situations where an alternative to firm-wide aggregation is justified. Q34. Please describe examples of any manipulative strategies that exploit the current definition of "short sale," and whether regulatory measures should be adopted to combat such strategies. Q35. Should we consider extending short sale regulation to cover non-exchange listed securities? Q36. If so, how should the new regulation restrict short sales? Does the current NASD short sale rule provide an applicable model for this purpose? Q37. Are the objectives of Rule 10a-1 legitimate concerns in today's markets? Q38. Are the provisions of Rule 10a-1 necessary in the securities markets? If so, please give specific examples that demonstrate this need. Q39. Does Rule 10a-1 continue to serve a valid purpose in a declining market by preventing short sellers from accelerating declines in securities prices, or "depressing" the market? Q40. Does Rule 10a-1 prevent efficient pricing or slow the incorporation of negative perceptions into an efficient price? Does the need for more efficient pricing, if there is a need, outweigh the protective benefits of Rule 10a-1? Q41. Is Rule 10a-1 effective in preventing manipulative short selling? Q42. Would deregulation of short selling lead to an increase of speculation in the market? If so, would this increase disadvantage investors that are not engaged in speculation? Q43. Does Rule 10a-1 limit price volatility in the securities that it covers? Q44. Would investors avoid securities, or classes of securities, that they perceive to be vulnerable to abusive short selling? If so, would this result be exacerbated by deregulation of short selling? Q45. Would antifraud surveillance and enforcement actions be enough to protect investors from abusive short selling? Q46. If we rescind Rule 10a-1, should we reconsider a recordkeeping and/or disclosure requirement for significant short positions?75 Q47. Would dissemination of aggregate open short positions on a daily basis decrease the necessity of Rule 10a-1? What costs would be associated with such a program? Q48. If we rescind Rule 10a-1, should we consider adopting a rule that requires a seller to identify a source of borrowable shares prior to executing a short sale? Q49. If we rescind Rule 10a-1, should SROs continue to regulate short selling through their rules? Q50 If the short sale rule is retained, should we consider ways to regulate short sales of all securities, not just those listed on exchanges (specifically, OTC securities, including those securities quoted in the non-Nasdaq OTC markets)? Q51. If the short sale rule is retained, should we consider replacing the tick test with a bid test similar to NASD Rule 3350? Q52. Without the tick test, would market professionals have an unfair advantage over public investor limit orders? Q53. Would unrestricted short selling increase the risk for certain trading strategies (e.g., block positioning)?