To: Alan Whirlwind who wrote (45656 ) 12/6/1999 7:40:00 PM From: long-gone Respond to of 116762
OT (On topic that is) Very valid when we discuss the current state of mining: Morality, Economics, and the Sierra Club by Tibor R. Machan At a panel discussion at Chapman University on urban sprawl, where various provocative views got aired on the topic, the concluding remarks of the representative of the Sierra Club advanced a very interesting idea. We were told that while those who champion private property rights—and, therefore, diverse life styles rather than a particular vision for everyone—approach matters from the position of economics, the people at the Sierra Club are concerned with ethics or morality, with a focus on values, not merely on profit. This is not a new idea. For centuries there has been a debate on whether the economic or the moral viewpoint ought to be decisive in forging personal life plans and public policy. Indeed, many economists buy into this dichotomy when they declare that morality amounts to nothing but personal preference, while economics is scientific and deals with quantitative judgments. We have also heard the issue put in terms of pitting the useful against the profitable or the private interest against the public interest. What lies behind these conflicting approaches to human affairs is an even deeper philosophical division. Some believe that social science must be akin to natural science and deal only with judgments in support of which sensory, observable evidence can be provided. This is supposed to contrast with ethics wherein no observable evidence is available. All we can do here is express our opinions. But this view of how the two disciplines go about backing up their judgments was rejected by others who argued that while economics deals with how people actually behave, ethics concerns how they ought to behave and each is able to give support within its own scope. Economics is supposed to explain how people behave by reference to certain assumptions about them—for example, that everyone strives to satisfy his or her desires. Ethics, however, isn't about explaining but about justifying what we ought to do—for example, strive to be happy or help our fellows or worship God or serve humanity. This view still held to the idea that we can see things in two distinct ways, the economic and the ethical, but this time the ethical could also be given support and meant something more important than the economic. This is where the Sierra Club's representative stood on the issue of how different people look at environmental problems. Those who defend property rights ignore ethics and care only about profit, whereas those who care about urban sprawl and the threat to wildlife are viewing this from an ethical position, one that is more noble and important. There is, however, yet another view, one I think makes the best sense. It holds that economics has a moral dimension and the debate is in fact between two competing moral perspectives. (cont)zolatimes.com