To: Tom Clarke who wrote (67633 ) 12/20/1999 11:08:00 PM From: jbe Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 108807
Charley, 1) I don't agree with Confucius entirely. It is sometimes true that "when words lose their meanings, people lose their liberties." That is only when words have a specific meaning to begin with. The terms "right" and "left" originally only designated who sat on which side of the legislative chamber. In every country, and in every era, different kinds of people have sat on the opposite sides of the aisle. 2) Good historians generally don't "take sides," but attempt to understand them all. Not that they do not have any political views of their own, but projecting them backwards is a no-no. In other words, a historian whose current views are "rightist" (whatever that means now) is not going to try to label every figure of the past that he does not approve of as a leftist. And vice versa, of course. What particular scholars who specialize in fascism, to be specific, "seek to muddy the waters rather than seek the truth," as you put it? And why would you even become a historian, for that matter, if you find history "inconvenient"? (Speaking as a historian myself, I find it "interesting.") 2) By "early 20th century" I mean 1900-1930. And if you limit the "Right" to those who were still lamenting the passing of the Hapsburgs, you won't find much on the Right except for the Austrian Christian Socialists. (The term "socialist" was not patented by the Left, btw.) I personally would include in the (continental) European Right such movements as Action Francaise, Codreanu's Iron Guard in Romania, Carlism in Spain, etc. One characteristic that almost all these right-wing movements shared was, unfortunately, anti-Semitism. But I would have to add that anti-Semitism was not purely a right-wing phenomenon; inasmuch as the Jew was often identified with capitalism, the Left was not free of anti-Semitism, either. It was just not quite as pronounced on the Left. 3) I doubt that talk of Blood and the Folk originated in Bohemia. This was a fashionable subject in Germany, for example, long before the 20th century even opened. Think of Richard Wagner! 4) Re your question:I don't think movements that seek to overturn old orders and erect new orders can properly be called rightist, can they? There is an excellent book of essays, The European Right , edited by Hans Rogger and Eugen Weber, that addresses that question, among others. (The answer, basically, is yes -- if you realize that the Right is not homogeneous.) I especially recommend Weber's essay on France, which, as I recall, not only discusses and defines the varieties of Rightism, but also the interrelationship, and sometimes interpenetration, of Right and Left. Joan