To: taxman who wrote (35906 ) 1/2/2000 1:43:00 PM From: Valley Girl Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 74651
Others have pointed out the fact that the market's a slave to fashion and not been terribly interested in fundamentals of late, so I won't belabor it. Stocks that are in vogue keep going up, while others languish. To some extent it's because of the market's focus on momentum, but to some extent this is supported by the "winner take all" fundamentals of high-tech industry (just look around at MSFT, ORCL, CSCO, INTC, SUNW, QCOM, etc.) It might interest you to know that the P/E=growth rate rule was and is an oversimplification of a more complex calculation that discounts future earnings back to the present using a risk-adjusted interest rate. This rate is based on the so-called risk-free rate, for which the current rate on the long bond is a reasonable surrogate (this rate in turn accounts for inflation). Coming up with the correct discount rate's a bit of a trick, since you're trying to assess how much to increase the discount based on the level of "risk". But you can just let the market do this for you by assuming that MSFT is no riskier than the "average" stock on the market. Suppose the average stock on the market is growing at 10% (including dividend payout, if any), and has a 25 P/E. Then MSFT's superiour five-year growth rate, say 35%, is worth (1.35/1.1) to the fifth power, or 2.78 times the average P/E, or about 70. That calculation made a whole bunch of assumptions that may not be correct, to wit: a) 10% growth is actually worth 25 P/E given today's level of interest rates and forward risk (historical average over the past century was more like 14% for 15-20 P/E with rates about the same as they are today). b) MSFT grows earnings 35% compounded over 5 years, then reverts to the mean, e.g. in 2005 it reaches a terminal valuation of 25 P/E and has only average growth prospects going forward. You could get higher or lower numbers, depending on what growth rate you want to drop in and the number of years you want to run it forward. For example, a lowly 25% growth rate, sustainable for 10 years, would give you a 90 P/E. As PMSW points out, the risk-free rate has been in decline for the past few years, and this has had the effect of lowering the rate at which future earnings get discounted, and hence has pushed up trailing P/E ratios. However, the real risk-free rate (that's where you take inflation out) has actually remained relatively high compared to historical averages. Also, there has recently been a disturbing reversal in this trend, which was not accompanied by a corresponding decline in P/E ratios. The last time this happened was the few months prior to the 1987 correction. Let's hope Greenspan finds some way to give us a softer landing this time! Happy New Year!