To: Jim Oravetz who wrote (2110 ) 9/7/2000 2:53:00 PM From: Scrapps Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 2882 So you aren't a Princeton man huh Jim? <g> Well English wasn't taught in China by the U.S....twas the Brits who first did that. Not to nit pick, but there are differences in spelling based on where the language is used. Q. What, in general, are the differences between British and American spelling, and why do they exist? A.: In the US many nouns become verbs by adding -ize (standardize). These same words usually end in -ise in Britain, despite the British dictionaries which show -ize as the main form with -ise as an alternative. One consistency is the American -yze words (analyze) are all -yse in Britain. Sometimes words in British and American English are identical in meaning but spelled differently, as in sulfur and sulphur, hemoglobin and haemoglobin. Most words (taken from the French) in Britain ending in -our end in -or in the US (color, colour); most words in Britain ending in -tre end in -ter in the US (center, centre). The trend in American spelling is to drop letters that are not needed in a word, such as the 'u' in 'colour'. The US has a greater tendency to drop silent consonants and vowels, and move to a more phonetic spelling, especially where the old spelling was a French remnant (tyre, tire). The irregular form is generally more common in British English and the regular form is more common to American English for these verbs: burnt, burned; dreamt, dreamed; learnt, learned; smelt, smelled; spelt, spelled; spilt, spilled; spoilt, spoiled. Licence and license are both valid in the US, but in Britain the former is the noun, the latter the verb (same for practice and practise). A good dictionary will indicate both American and British spellings when there is a difference. Why do the differences exist? Well, America chose to differentiate itself from Britain from its beginnings; spelling was included in that. You can read more in H.L. Mencken's essay from The American Language. ------------------------------------------------------- This from Cambridge:utilize, British and Australian usually -ise verb [T] FORMAL At the development phase it was possible to utilize (=use) earlier research which had been performed in rocket propulsion. utilizable, British and Australian usually -isable adjective [not gradable] FORMAL utilization, British and Australian usually -isation noun [U] FORMAL Sensible utilization of the world's resources must be given priority. ----------------------------------------------------------ah recon ah did thet on account o' ah had nothin' better t'do at th' moment.