To: kormac who wrote (80701 ) 12/4/2000 3:15:38 PM From: kodiak_bull Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 95453 OT Seppo, "The exception proves the rule" is a very interesting phrase in that it is entirely misunderstood. In the phrase, "proves" is meant in the mathematical sense, that is, as a "proof" of a formula or theory. All tigers are orange and black is a rule. What do we do when we find a white tiger? We must examine it, that is, submit it to a proof. Examination will put our rule, all tigers are orange and black, to the test. It turns out the "white" tiger is in fact an orange and black tiger with a recessive gene, or abinism, or something. We can therefore return to the rule, having "proved" it: yes, all tigers are orange and black. By examining the apparent exception we can "prove" (put to the test) the rule. It would, of course, be ridiculous to have a saying that exceptions "prove" rules (in the common use of the word "prove"). Gravity is a rule which says, on earth, an apple must fall down, and not up. No one would like to try to support gravity as a rule by looking for the exception, an upward flying apple. Even upward flying leaves, upon examination, work out as "proof" of the law of gravity, in that upon examination of the surface area of the leaf, the power of the individual wind gust, the slope of the driveway, will allow you to examine the properties of gravity on leaves (i.e., will not fly unless the gust is as least 23 mph and at a specific angle to the surface on which the leaves are at rest). Seppo, this is also my way of not entering into the racial/religious/ethnic discusssion on the distribution of wealth, assets, jobs, etc. It is just the kind of quadruple knotted problem that I like to deal with, especially if Cinderella Ed wants to take the other side, but it cannot be solved on a message board, so what's the point? Kb